BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 195 



Range. — Tropical and subtropical Africa and America (three 

 species). 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PORPHYRULA 



a. Wing more than 130 mm. ; underparts in adults dull purplish grayish blue ; 



upper parts olive and greenish ; bill red, different in color from frontal 



shield. 



&. Smaller (wing about 140 mm.) ; tarsus shorter than middle toe without 



claw ; dull purplish blue of underparts not passing into greenish blue 



on sides of neck, etc. ; bill wholly red ; legs and feet red (Africa). 



Porphyrula alleni (extralimital)** 



66. Larger (wing 177-190.5 mm.) ; tarsus not shorter than middle toe without 



claw ; dull purplish blue of underparts passing into bright greenish blue 



on sides of necli, etc. ; bill red broadly tipped with yellow or light green ; 



legs and feet yellowish (warmer parts of America). 



Porphyrula martinica (p. 196) 



aa. Wing less than 130 mm. ; underparts in adult white ; upperparts reddish brown, 



passing into greenish blue on wing coverts and bluish gray on sides of head, 



neck, and chest; bill and frontal shield yellow or greenish (eastern South 



America) Porphyrula parva (extralimital) " 



^* Porphyrio alleni Thompson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., x, 1842, 204 (Idda, Niger 

 River) ; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859, 175 (Camma River, 

 Africa) ; Shelley, Birds Egypt, 1872, 276; Heuglin, Orn. Nordost.-Afrika's, ii, 

 pt. 1, 1873, 1228; Saunders, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii, 1877, 189 (s. Spain); 

 Hartlaub, Vijg. Madagascars, 1877, 346 ; Dresser, Birds Europe, vii, 1871-81, 307, 

 pi. 502 ; Bocuge, Orn. Angola, 1881, 485 ; Milne-Edwards and Grandidier, Hist. 

 Nat. Madagascar, Ois., i, 1882, 593, pi. 245 ; Sharpe, new ed. Layard's Birds South 

 Africa, 1884, 621. — Caesarornls alleni Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xliii, 1856, 599.— 

 Porphyria (Cacsarornis) alleni Hartlaub, Orn. Westafrika's, 1857, 243. — Gal- 

 linula alleni Schelegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Ralli, 1865, 38 — Hydrornia alleni Salva- 

 dori, Orn. Ital. Ucc, 1871, 233; Giglioli, Icon. Avif. Ital., 1879, fasc. ii (Luca) ; 

 xVvif. Ital., 1886, 353, 1st Resoc, 1869, 550.— /onocicco alleni Salvador!, Elenco, 

 Uccelli Ital., 1887, 23Q.—Porpliyriola alleni Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiii, 

 1894, 187. — Porphyrio chloronottis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xviii, pt. 2, 

 1849, 820 (locality unknown). — Porphyrula chloronotus Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. 

 Asiat. Soc, 1849, 283. — Porphyriola chloronotus Sundevall, Av. Meth. Tent., 1872, 

 131. — Porphyrula chloronotus Hume, Stray Feath., vii, 1878, 456. — Oallinula 

 mutahilis Sundevall, Of v. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1850, 132 (Blue Nile). — Porphyrio 

 madagascariensis (not Gallinula madagascariensis Latham) Reichenbach, 

 Handb., Fulicariae, 1852, pi. cviii, figs. 1004, 1005. — Gallinula porphyrio (not of 

 Latham) Hartlaub, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 357, 361. — Hydrornia porphyrio Bona- 

 parte, Compt. Rend., xliii, 1856, 599; Hartlaub, Orn. Westafrika's, 1857, 243. — 

 Porphyrio variegatus Guirao, Mem. Acad. Sci. Madrid, iv. 1859, 554, pi. 2. 



^Ftilica parva Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 54 (based on La Favorite de 

 Cayenne Daubenton, PI. Enl., ix, pi. 897). — Porphyrio parva Gray, Gen. Birds, 

 iii, 1846, 589 ; Scalter and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, .592 (Rio Amazon) ; 

 Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1871, 318, Am.— [Porphyrio] parvus Gray, Hand-list iii, 1871, 

 65, No. 10490 ; Scalter and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 140 ; Allen, Bull. Essex 

 Inst., viii, 1876, 82 (Santarem, lower Amazon). — Porphyrio parvus Kerr, Ibis, 

 1892, 149 (Rio Pilcomayo).— Go??/HM/a parva Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas. Ralli, 1865, 

 39 (Surinam; Cayenne). — lonornis parvus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iv, 

 1881, 201. — lonornis parva Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds North Amer., 



