6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



>Penelopid3e Bonaparte, Saggio Distr. Anim. Vertebr., 1831, 54 (includes 

 Menuridae, Megapodidae, and Opisthocomidae !). 



=Penelopidae Nitzsch, Syst. Pterylog., 1840, 167. — Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 609, 610. 



<Penelopinae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 325 (genera Penelope and 

 Oreophasis). 



<Penelopinae Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 135 {Stcgnolaema, 

 Penelope, Penelopina, Pipile, Aburria, Chamaepetes, and Ortalis). — Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 397. — Elliot, 

 Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 233, in text.— CoUES, Key North Amer. Birds, 

 ed. 2, 1884, 573. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-Ust, 1886, 178; 

 ed. 3, 1910, 146.— Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 473.— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 1902, 275. 



>Cracidae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 325 (includes Meleagridae !). 



=Cracidae Gadow, Classif. Vertebr., 1898, 34. — Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., Ixxvi, art. 24, 1930, 3; Smiths. Misc. Coll., Ixxxix, No. 13, 1934, 6; 

 xcix, No. 7, 1940, 5. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 4, 

 1931, 78.— Peters, Check-list Birds of World, ii, 1934, 9.— Hellmayr and 

 Conover, Cat. Birds Amer., i, No. 1, 1942, 141. 



=Cracidae Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, vii, 135. — Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 397. — Coues, Key North 

 Amer. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 572.— Elliot, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 229, 232, 

 in text. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, 1886, 178; ed. 3, 

 1910, 146.— Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. ^lus., xxii, 1893, ZZ, 473.— Sharpe, 

 Hand-list, i, 1899, x, 14. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 

 1902, 271.— Knowlton, Birds of the World, 1909, 49, 271. 



<Cracinae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 325. 



>Cracinse Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 135. — Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 397. — Elliot, Stand. Nat. 

 Hist., iv, 1885, 233, in text. — Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 

 1893, 473. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 1902, 271. 

 XCracinae Ridgway, Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, 207 (includes all genera 

 except Oreophasis) . 



<Oreophasinas Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 137 {Oreophasis 

 only). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 

 397.— Elliot, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 232, in text.— Ridgway, Alan. North 

 Amer. Birds, 1887, 208.— Gr.-^nt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 473.— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 1902, 274. 



=Duodecempennatae Sundevall, o£v. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1873, 118. 



Gallinaceous birds with hallux incumbent and more than half as long 

 as lateral toes, its basal phalanx as long as that of the third (middle) 

 toe; with tufted oil gland; sternum less than twice as long as its inner 

 notch ; both carotids present ; trachea usually coiled ; biceps slip never 

 present; wing eutaxic (quintocubital), habits arboreal, nidification normal. 



Bill variable, usually relatively small, with culmen longer than meso- 

 rhinium and broadly rounded (not ridged), the tomia never denticulate; 

 sometimes much higher than broad basally, with the mesorhinium high 

 and more or less arched, sometimes produced into a swollen knob or bony 

 tubercle. Nostril more or less longitudinal, the cere entirely nude (ex- 

 cept in Oreophasis). Wing moderately large, relatively very broad, 



