BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 139 



and in front of the bend of the wing, blackish with a faint bluish sheen, 

 the brownish basal areas often showing also ; this blackish area extending 

 caudally along the midline of the upper abdomen, giving this area a poste- 

 riorly convex outline ; the extreme dorsal-lateral feathers of the black area 

 narrowly tipped with bright snuff brown to pale tawny, the lateral ones 

 with broad white tips; lower abdomen blackish but with the white tips 

 much broader and with some white bars and subterminal shaft spots 

 making the area as much white as blackish ; sides and flanks grayish 

 Sayal brown to Saccardo's umber with a series of concentric irregular 

 bands of dark olive-brown and with a medioterminal white wedge-shaped 

 mark, the dark olive-brown bands becoming transverse bars on the flank 

 feathers, which also have the white wedges reduced and flattened into 

 terminal bands ; thighs narrowly barred dusky olive-brown and pale 

 grayish snufif brown; under tail coverts black, very broadly tipped with 

 white, the feathers graduated so that in the closed tail the white tips 

 appear almost like a broad longitudinal band, while in the open tail they 

 form a circle incomplete only at the base ; under wing coverts dark olive- 

 brown to fuscous, some with whitish tips and narrow white outer edges ; 

 those near the bend of the wing with pale snuff-brown edges ; iris Van- 

 dyke brown ; bill black ; "comb" scarlet-vermilion ; feet gray, soles tinged 

 yellow. 



Adult jetnale, gray phase. — Forehead, crown, and occiput barred black, 

 smoke gray, and ochraceous-buff ; nape similar but with the gray pre- 

 dominant at the expense of the ochraceous-buff; interscapulars, upper 

 back, and scapulars black conspicuously barred with ochraceous-buff and 

 inconspicuously tipped with grayish ; feathers of the back, lower back, 

 and rump blackish tipped with smoke gray and with a usually concealed 

 pale ochraceous-buff bar about two-thirds of the way from the base to 

 the tip, these bars occasionally showing ; wings as in male but less brown- 

 ish, the feather edgings hair brown with a faint tawny wash, the dark 

 areas fuscous ; the light outer edges of primaries 2 to 5, inclusive, some- 

 what mottled with dusky, and all the remiges very narrowly tipped with 

 whitish, this being least noticeable on the outer primaries ; upper tail 

 coverts black tipped with white (the white tips less than half as wide 

 as in the males) and banded with pale grayish ochraceous-buff; rectrices 

 blackish narrowly tipped with white and abundantly but irregularly 

 crossed and mottled with cinnamon-buff to tawny-olive, these markings 

 largely restricted to the outer edges of the outer webs of the lateral 

 feathers and extending across both webs in the more median ones ; lores, 

 postocular stripe, chin, and upper throat white speckled or barred with 

 dark fuscous ; auriculars tawny-olive spotted with dark fuscous ; lower 

 throat and breast pale ochraceous-buff heavily banded with fuscous-black, 

 the feathers of the breast more extensively black than ochraceous-buff, 

 the latter color brighter there than on the lower throat ; abdomen sharply 



