BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 461 



velvety black, the upper tail coverts similar but with bronzy tips becoming 

 gradually broader and more reddish bronze or coppery ; tail light gray, 

 transversely vermiculated or very narrowly and irregularly barred with 

 dusky, broadly tipped with bright metallic red-bronze or coppery bronze 

 and with subterminal band of velvety black enclosing, or partly enclosing, 

 a large spot or ocellus of bright metallic blue ; bare skin of head and upper 

 neck blue (in life), the wartlike excrescences and tip of vertical knob and 

 frontal tubercle orange or orange-red ^^ ; bill dull red ; iris dark brown ; 

 legs and feet lake red, the larger scutella edged with brownish. 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male but smaller and averaging 

 less brilliant in coloration; the ocelli at the tips of the tail feathers much 

 reduced, the tarsal spurs lacking or reduced to small knobs, and the 

 frontal process smaller. 



Gray pliase (?)^^. — Similar to the adult female but the feathers of the 

 hindneck, interscapulars, scapulars, and lesser upper wing coverts much 

 less greenish, most of them with the terminal bar paler — dull opaline 

 green to variscite green, as contrasted with cobalt green in the adult 

 (although in some of the feathers these tips are like those of the adult) ; 

 feathers of the upper and lower back with the broad terminal bars pale 

 purplish gray mixed with a light yellowish-olive sheen, which in some 

 lights looks slightly coppery ; feathers of rump with much broader and 

 brighter coppery tips, subterminally edged with velvety black, next to 

 which is a broad band of bluish green which is basally edged with velvety 

 black, the remainder (usually concealed) of the feathers being fuscous- 

 black vermiculated with grayish white; rectrices as in adult but the tips 

 paler, less coppery ; breast and sides as in the adult but with narrower 

 and somewhat duller tips to the feathers; abdomen, flanks, and thighs 

 slightly paler, more fuscous, less blackish than in adults. 



Juvenal jemale.^^ — Upper back, scapulars, and lesser upper wing 

 coverts chaetura black basally and medially, broadly edged and tipped 

 with cinnamon-buff to light ochraceous-salmon ; greater upper wing 

 coverts light pinkish cinnamon broadly tipped with white and subtermi- 

 nally splotched and basally suffused with chaetura black ; primaries hair 

 brown, externally edged with pale pinkish cinnamon, internally and 

 terminally edged with whitish, the outer webs crossed by a few irregular 



'' According to Gaumer (Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., viii, 1883, 60) freshly killed 

 specimens have "twenty-four fleshy processes arranged in two rows on the front 

 part of the neck, and about twenty more of the same kind form two rows over the 

 head ; many smaller ones are scattered over the head. At the point of union of the 

 bill with the head, there is a long fleshy process capable of much erection and disten- 

 sion. Behind this the fleshy scalp is permanently elevated so as to form a flat- 

 topped pyramid, with its greatest length from bill to occiput." 



" One unsexed specimen apparently adult, without spurs, from Guatemala. 



" Taken from a bird in postnatal molt and only partly in juvenal plumage ; no male 

 in this stage seen, but sexes probably similar. 



