156 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



cc. Tarsus unfeathered for less than half its length (nw. British Columbia 

 e. across Canada to s. Hudson Bay and Gulf of St. Lawrence). 



Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (p. 184) 



BON AS A UMBELLUS UMBELLUS (Linnaeus) 



Eastern Ruffed Grouse 



Adtdt male (brown phase). — Feathers of the forehead, crown, and 

 occiput sayal brown to cinnamon-brown, barred with blackish, and tipped 

 with smoke gray to pale smoke gray ; the elongated crest feathers with 

 the blackish extended toward the base on the outer edges of both webs, 

 leaving the brown as a broad basal shaft stripe with lateral branches, the 

 blackish marks very narrowly edged on their distal margins with cinnamon- 

 brown ; nape sayal brown to cinnamon-brown tipped with smoke gray ; 

 interscapulars similarly brownish, but with the smoke gray confined to 

 the distal portion of the shaft and a large terminal shaft spot, the re- 

 maining part of the feathers irregularly crossed by blackish marks which 

 fail to connect toward the shaft ; the outermost of these marks often very 

 broad (8-10 mm.) ; neck ruffs either deep black with a slight bluish 

 purplish sheen, dark fuscous-black with blue-black tips to the feathers, 

 or bright auburn with narrow fuscous tips to the feathers; upper back, 

 lower back, and rtunp cinnamon-brown to dark Brussels brown, the 

 feathers of the upper back with cordate terminal shaft spots of tilleul 

 buff to vinaceous-buff narrowly edged with black and occasionally sparsely 

 flecked with blackish ; the feathers of the lower back and rump with these 

 spots broader, more oval and with a distally converging V of blackish 

 within the light area, and the spots separated from the tips of the feathers 

 by 3 to 8 mm. of dark smoke gray; the rump feathers have the brown 

 areas faintly and sparsely vermiculated with blackish on their concealed 

 basal portions ; upper tail coverts cinnamon-brown, very broadly tipped 

 with smoke gray (about 15 mm. wide) and crossed by five or six narrow, 

 equally spaced, wavy, fuscous-black bands, each of which (except for 

 the most distal one, which borders on the proximal edge of the gray 

 terminal area) is distally followed by a narrow band (but which is wider 

 than the black band) of cinnamon-buff to pale tawny-olive, which in 

 turn is followed by a broken line of fine blackish dots ; the gray tips are 

 finely speckled or vermiculated with black and have a large blotch of dark 

 fuscous-black edged with auburn in their middle portion ; lesser and 

 median upper wing coverts sayal brown to cinnamon-brown, very nar- 

 rowly and incompletely edged with blackish and with mesial streaks of 

 pale buffy white narrowly edged with dusky ; greater upper secondary 

 coverts similar but with the brown areas faintly vermiculated with black- 

 ish ; greater upper primary coverts fuscous, externally narrowly edged 

 with cinnamon-brown, the edging widest basally; primaries fuscous on 

 the inner webs and terminally on the outer ones, most of the outer webs 



