BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 159 



tail feathers lacking the heavy black subterminal band and having the 

 smoke-gray tips poorly developed ; the narrow blackish rectricial bands 

 (about as in the adults in number) each followed distally by a band of pale 

 sayal brown or cinnamon, lighter than the rest of the feather, or by a 

 band of pale smoke gray (possibly birds that would become gray-phased 

 later on?) ; head quite different from adult — forehead, crown, and occiput 

 snuff brown to Saccardo's umber spotted with fuscous-black, a buffy- 

 whitish line from the loreal antiae to the eye, both eyelids, and continuing 

 back of the eye to the sides of the occiput; cheeks and auriculars snuff 

 brown to Saccardo's umber, the former spotted with dusky sepia to 

 fuscous-black; chin and most of upper throat whitish unmarked; the 

 feathers of the back and rump and upper tail coverts different from the 

 adult — ashy sayal brown narrowly barred with sepia to fuscous ; iris 

 hazel brown; bill "brown and slate," feet bluish white. 



Dozvny young. — Forehead, crown, occiput, and nape pale ochraceous- 

 tawny, darkening medially and posteriorly to tawny and paling laterally 

 to light ochraceous-buff on the sides of the crown and occiput and on 

 the lores, cheeks, and auriculars, the middorsal area from the nape to 

 the tail bright russet, this area widening very considerably on the lower 

 back, the body down on each side of this ochraceous-buff becoming lighter 

 ventrally, entire underparts ivory yellow to light cream buff, a fuscous- 

 black line extending from the hind end of the eye to the posterolateral 

 angle of the occiput; upper surface of wings pale russet, under surface 

 cream buff. 



Adult male.— Wing 174-190 (183.6); tail 144-174 (159.0); culmen 

 from base 25.8-29 (27.0) ; tarsus 41.9-47.0 (43.9) ; middle toe without 

 claw 32.4-39.0 (36.7) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 21.7-31.1 (26.3 mm.).«« 



Adult jemale.—Wmg 170-188 (176.4) ; tail 123-141 (132.6) ; culmen 

 from base 23.8-28.1 (26.3) ; tarsus 39.6-43.6 (41.2) ; middle toe without 

 claw 32.7-36.9 (34.2) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 20.2-30.0 (24.9 mm.).«'^ 



Range. — Climax and subclimax deciduous woodland of the Atlantic 

 coastal oak-pine subclimax and the northeastern portion of the mixed 

 mesophytic association in the eastern deciduous forest biome (Upper 

 Austral and Lower Transition Life Zones) north to central eastern and 

 central Massachusetts, east-central and central New York, west to cen- 

 tral New York and east-central Pennsylvania, south, formerly, along the 

 coastal plain to Washington, D. C. 



Type locality. — Eastern Pennsylvania ; restricted to "vicinity of 

 Philadelphia." 



Tetrao umhellus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1776, 275 (Pennsylvania; based 

 on Urogallus collari extenso pensylvanicus Edwards, Gleanings, 79, pi. 248; 



*° Twenty specimens from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, eastern Pennsylvania, 

 and New York. 

 " Sixteen specimens from Massachusetts, New York, and District of Columbia. 



