164 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



brown as in timbellus) ; the ventral bars becoming dark (dark sepia to 

 clove brown) on the flanks. 



Adult (gray phase). — Similar to that of B. u. umbellus, but the upper 

 and lower back darker, more brownish, with little or no grayish mixture, 

 the tail apparently never so pure gray but always with a faint bufify tinge ; 

 ventral bars darker, as in the brown phase, but the underparts less washed. 



Juvenal. — There seem to be two phases in this plumage, both (as 

 far as available material goes) with brown tails, but one considerably 

 grayer than the other (which is difficult to interpret as the great majority 

 of the adults are brown-phased in this race) : in the browner of the 

 two phases juvenals are hke those of B. u. umbellus but darker, browner, 

 less rufescent above, the blackish marks on the upperparts larger, and 

 the ventral barrings darker as in the adults; in the grayer of the two 

 phases, the areas of the nape, interscapulars, upper wing coverts, back, 

 rump, and upper tail coverts that are Dresden brown to Saccardo's umber 

 in the brown phase are wood brown ; the pale areas of the interscapulars 

 are pinkish buff (as opposed to cinnamon-buff to pale clay color in the 

 browner phase), and the ventral barrings are darker and less rufescent — 

 buffy brown to sepia. 



Downy young. — Indistinguishable from that of the nominate race. 



Adult male.— Wing 172-196 (186.8); tail 139-181 (160); culmen 

 from base 24.4-31 (27.4) ; tarsus 40-48.2 (44.5) ; middle toe without 

 claw 32.8-40 (36.5) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 21.4-34.5 (28.5 mm.).^i 



Adult femule.—Wing 166-190 (178.6) ; tail 121-156 (134.8) ; culmen 

 from base 23.8-29.3 (26.6); tarsus 37.4-45 (41.1); middle toe with- 

 out claw 32.2-39.6 (35.1); unfeathered part of tarsus of 19.4-33.6 

 (27.2 mm.). "^2 



Range. — Climax and subclimax deciduous forest communities of the 

 mixed mesophitic association in the eastern deciduous forest biome (Upper 

 Austral Life Zone) in the eastern United States and the ecotone between 

 this biome and the Canadian Zone coniferous forest of the Appalachian 

 Mountains (pine-maple-beech-hemlock association) ; north to north- 

 eastern Pennsylvania, northeastern Ohio, and southeastern Michigan, east 

 to northeastern and south-central Pennsylvania, central Maryland, north- 

 eastern, central, and southwestern Virginia, southwestern North Caro- 

 lina, and northern Georgia; south to northern Georgia and northeastern 

 Alabama. The western limit of the range of this race is ill defined be- 

 cause of the fact that the species has been extirpated over much of the 

 Mississippi Valley region where it formerly occurred. Bonasa umbellus 

 monticola intergrades with mediana in central southern Michigan, eastern 



" Thirty-nine specimens from Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, 

 Maryland, Western Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and southeastern Michigan. 



" Thirty-five specimens from Virginia. West Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, 

 Tennessee, western Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and southeastern Michigan. 



