I 



BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 171 



of the city of Vancouver north at least to Lund. There are no records 

 for the ruffed grouse on the coast of British Columbia between this 

 locality and Port (Fort) Simpson near the Alaska line, and so it is 

 doubtful if brimnescens ranges much farther north tlian the immediate 

 vicinity of Vancouver Island. 



T[etrao] Sabini Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xvi, 1829, 137 part (Vancouver 

 Island). 



Bonasa sabinii Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, 236 (Vancouver Island). 



Bonasa sabinei Elliot, Monogr. Tetraonidae, 1865, pi. 3 and text, part (Vancouver 

 Island). 



Bonasia sabinii Brown, Ibis, 1868, 424 (Vancouver Island). 



Bonasa iinibellus var. sabini Bendire, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, 1877, 140, 

 part (Vancouver Island). 



Bonasa umbellus sabini Bendire, Life Hist. North Amer. Birds, i, 1892, 68, part 

 (Vancouver Island). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 2, 

 1895, 112; ed. 3, 1910, 140, part.— Fannin, Check List British Columbia Birds, 

 1898, 32, part.— DwiGHT, Auk, xvii, 1900, 145, part (molt).— Macoun, Cat. Can. 

 Birds, 1900, 204 part (coastal British Columbia including Vancouver Island). — 

 Kermode, Cat. British Columbia Birds, 1904, 26, part (Vancouver Island). — 

 Macoun and Macoun, Cat. Can. Birds, 1909, ed. 2, 1909, 223 part.— Swarth, 

 Condor, xiv, 1912, 21 (Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island). — Brooks and Swarth, 

 Pacific Coast Avif., No. 17, 1925, 50, part (Vancouver Island).— Taverner, Birds 

 Western Canada, 1926, 167 in text, part. — Alford, Ibis, 1928, 197 (Vancouver 

 Island).^ — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 4, 1931, 82, part. — 

 CuMMiNG, Murrelet, xiii, 1932, 7 (Vancouver Island). — Bent, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 Bull. 162, 1932, 174 part (life history).— Peters, Check-list Birds of World, ii, 

 1934, 39, part. 



Bonasa umbellus Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 85, part (Van- 

 couver Island). — Taverner, Condor, xx, 1918, 185 (Alert Bay, Vancouver 

 Island). 



Bonasa umbellus brimnescens Conover, Condor, xxxvii, 1935, 204 (Comox, Vancou- 

 ver Island, orig. descr. ; distr. ; crit.), 206 (spec. ; Vancouver and Saturna Islands). 

 — Todd, Auk, Ivii, 1940, 393, in text. — Hellmayr and Conover, Cat. Birds Amer., 

 i. No. 1, 1942, 217 (distr. ; syn.). — Aldrich and Friedmann, Condor, xlv, 1943, 96 

 (distr. ; descr.). 



B[onasa\ u[nvbellus\ brunncscens Uttal, Auk, Iviii, 1941, 75, 76, 77 in text (tarsal 

 feathering). 



BONASA UMBELLUS TOGATA (Linnaens) 



St. Lawrence Ruffed Grouse 



Adult (brown phase). — Similar to that of Bonasa umbellus umbellus 

 but darker brown, less rufescent, above, the areas that are sayal brown 

 to cinnamon-brown in umbellus being Dresden brown to Prout's brown 

 in togata, the parts that are Brussels brown in the nominate race being 

 similar but washed with raw umber in the present form, and the upper- 

 parts generally with a little more mixture of grayish and with the blackish 

 marks more extensive, the underparts similar but more heavily barred 

 than in umbellus. In B. u. umbellus the brown phase is more frequent 

 than the gray; in B. u. togata the opposite is true. 



