172 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Adult (gray phase). — Similar to tliat of B. u. wnhellus but darker both 

 in the browns and the grays of the upperparts, the brown as in the brown 

 phase of togata — Dresden brown to Front's brown, the blackish mark- 

 ings more extensive, the gray areas including the tail smoke gray much 

 more finely and abundantly vermiculated with blackish than in innbellus; 

 underparts more heavily and abundantly barred than in uinbellus. 



Juvenal. — Indistinguishable from that of B. u. iimbelliis. 



Dozvny young. — Indistinguishable from that of B. u. uinbellus. 



Adult male.—Wmg 173-192 (181.5); tail 142-174 (156.9); culmen 

 from base 22.8-29.2 (26.1) ; tarsus 40.3-46.0 (42.7) ; middle toe without 

 claw 33.0-39.9 (35.9) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 20.0-30.9 (25.2 mm.).^» 



Adult jemale.—\Nmg 168-184 (176.0) ; tail 119-144 (130.6) ; culmen 

 from base 21.0-29.3 (25.2) ; tarsus 36.8-44.0 (41.4) ; middle toe without 

 claw 31.3-36.7 (34.6) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 20.0-28.0 (23.8 mm.).«'* 



Range. — Subclimax deciduous woodland (birch and aspen communities) 

 of the pine-maple-beech-hemlock association, in the ecotone between the 

 northern coniferous and the eastern deciduous forest biomes (Canadian 

 and Upper Transition Life Zones) ; from northern New England and 

 Nova Scotia, probably north to Cape Breton Island, and the Gaspc 

 Peninsula, westward across southern Quebec and southern Ontario (in- 

 cluding the north shore of Lake Superior) to northwestern Minnesota, 

 south to northeastern Massachusetts (Manchester), east-central New 

 York (Piseco), southeastern Ontario (Toronto), midway down the 

 Lower Peninsula of Michigan (Midland County) and northern Wisconsin 

 (Ashland County). 



Type locality. — City of Quebec. 



Tetrao togatus hiNNAVivs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 275 (Canada; based on Lagopus 

 Bonasia canadensis Brisson, Orn., i, 207, pi. 21, fig. 1). — Forster, Philos. Trans., 

 Ixii, 1772, 393 (Albany Fort, James Bay).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 752. 



Tetrao umbclliis Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, Land Birds, 1832, 657, part ; 

 ed. 2, 1840, 794, part.— Audubon, Orn. Biogr., 1839, 560, Birds Amer., Bvo ed., 

 1842, 72, part (Massachusetts, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia). 



T[etrao] timbellus McIlwraith, Birds Hamilton, Can. Journ., July 1860, 7 (common; 

 Hamilton, Ontario). 



Bonasa unibellus Stephens, in Shaw, Genl. Zool., xi, 1819, 300, part (Nova Scotia, 

 and syn., part). — Kneeland, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, 1857, 237 

 (Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior). — Baird, Rep. Pacific R.R. Surv., ix, 1858, 

 630, part.— Elliot, Monogr. Tetraonidae 1865, pi. 1 and text, part. — Mc- 

 Ilwraith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 91 (Ontario). — Maynard, Proc. Boston 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., xiv, 1872, 383, part.— Herrick, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 11 



" Thirty-two specimens from Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, New 

 Hampshire, Massachusetts, northern New York, northern Michigan, northern Wiscon- 

 sin, and northeastern Minnesota. 



'*" Twenty-one specimens from Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 

 Maine, New Hampshire, northern New York, northern Michigan, and northern 

 Wisconsin. 



