642 I'ROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 55. 



of the Virgin and of saints. His stoicharion has red and white bands 

 running from the shoulders to the feet, and embroidered at the 

 bottom. The epitrachelion is worn around the neck and hangs down 

 in the front. In place of the pliaenolion the bishop wears a salclcos, a 

 tunic of puce-colored satin reaching to below the knees, with short 

 sleeves, divided up the sides which are joined by bows of ribbons or 

 clasps. Over this comes the omopliorion, a wide band of silk or 

 velvet passed round the neck, one end hanging down from the left 

 side in front, the other behind, and kept in its place with ornamental 

 pins. The pontifical miter is a high hat which swells out toward the 

 top and is spanned diagonally by two hoops; on the highest point 

 of the dome-shaped top is a cross, either standing upright or placed 

 flat. The bishop also wears a pectoral cross and a medallion with 

 the image of the Virgin and Infant, called the panagia or enkolpion, 

 and carries a pastoral staff or crozier (dikanikion) . 



The deacon wears the stoicharion, the epimaniTcia, and the epi- 

 trachelion, called orarion, which hangs from the left shoulder, to 

 which it is pinned, straight to the ground before and behind. 



232. Russian priests^ phaenolion. — Made of heavy gold brocade, 

 with a Greek cross in gold applique, lined with silver applique, on 

 the back.— Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. (Plate 90, Cat. No. 154783, 

 U.S.N.M.) 



233. Russian priests' phaenolion. — Made of gold and purple silk 

 brocade, with Greek cross in gold and silver applique on the back. — 

 Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. (Cat. No. 154784, U.S.N.M.) 



234. Pastoral staff of a Greek Catholic bishop. — Made of copper 

 tubes, silvered, terminating at the top into two serpents bent into a 

 handle, giving it the appearance of an anchor, the emblem of hope, 

 with a cross surmounting an orb between them. The handle and 

 the cross are gilded. Height, 5 feet 2 inches. — Constantinople, 

 Turkey. (Plate 91, fig. 1, Cat. No. 154797, U.S.N.M.) 



235. Costume of a Greek Catholic monk. — Consisting of — 1, inner 

 coat; 2, soutana; 3, outer coat; 4, girdle; 5, shoes with goloshes; 6, 

 cylindrical hat, called Kalemaukion, without a brim below, but with 

 a narrow rim at the top. It is worn by all ecclesiastics with the 

 other vestments out of doors and in processions. — Constantinople, 

 Turkey. (Plate 92, fig. 1, Cat. No. 154773, U.S.N.M.) 



RUSSIAN ICONS AND CROSSES. 



The Greek Orthodox Church does not admit sculptured figures 

 into the churches (though they often have numerous statues upon 

 the outside), perhaps because they are reminiscent of the Greek gods. 

 The eastern icon — that is, image of Christ, Mary, the angles, and 

 saints — is always flat; a painting, mosaic, or bas-relief. To imitate 

 an effect of sculpture in the painted pictures placed upon the iconostas 



