644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 55. 



U.S.N.M.) Gift of Abraham Burnstine, Washington, District of 

 Columbia. 



239. Miniature head of Christ. — Painted on wood from the cabin 

 built by Peter the Great (1682-1725) and lacquered. Height, 2^ 

 inches; width, 1| inches. — Russia. (Cat. No. 281569, U.S.N.M.) 

 Bequest of Homer N. Lockwood. 



240. Russian icon, the Holy Family. — Painted on wood. Height, 

 2f inches; width, 2| inches. — Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. (Cat. No. 

 154777, U.S.N.M.) 



241. Russian icon, Cosmas and Damianus. — Painted on wood. 

 Cosmas and Damianus were two brothers who died as martyrs in the 

 persecution of the Cliristians under the Roman Emperor Diocletian 

 (303-311 A. D.). Height, 8| inches; width, 6| inches.— Nizhni 

 Novgorod, Russia. (Cat. No. 154781, U.S.N.M.) 



242. Russian icon. — Consisting of a brass triptych. In the center 

 is the Virgin with the Infant; above, God the Father; in the two 

 wings, scenes from the life of Chi-ist. — Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. 

 (Plate 94, fig. 1, Cat. No. 179-120, U.S.N.M.) 



243. Russian icon. — Made of brass. In the center Christ seated, 

 holding in the left hand the Gospels and with the right giving the 

 blessing, surrounded by the Twelve Apostles. Above in a shield, God 

 the Father, holding in his left hand the orb, surmounted by a cross, 

 and with the right hand giving the blessing, and beneath the shield 

 the dove, symbol of the Holy Ghost, and the whole surmounted by 

 six seraphim, each with six wings (Isaiah vi, 2). — Nizhni Novgorod, 

 Russia. (Plate 94, fig. 2, Cat. No. 179113, U.S.N.M.) 



244. Russian cross. — Made of brass. Representing, in relief, the 

 crucifixion. On top, God the Father and the dove (as in the pre- 

 ceding); under the thu'd oblique bar (the suppedaneum) a skuU 

 and cross bones. — Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. (Plate 94, fig. 3, Cat. 

 No. 179111, U.S.N.M.) 



245. Russian icon. — Consisting of a brass tetraptych, representing 

 in 20 compartments, in relief, scenes from the life of Christ. — Russia. 

 (Plate 95, Cat. No. 211164, U.S.N.M.) 



HTUEGICAL BOOKS. 



The liturgies used in the orthodox communities belong to the 

 Byzantine rite. This rite comprises three liturgies — that of St. 

 John Chrysostom, patriarch of Constantinople (died 407) ; that of St. 

 Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea in Cappodocia, Asia Minor 

 (died 379); and that of St. Gregory Dialogos (Pope Gregory I, 590- 

 604), also called the liturgy of the presanctified. The two latter are 

 used only on special days, while that of St. Chrysostom is the ordinary 

 liturgy. While the ritual is the same in all the branches of the 

 Orthodox Church, the language in which it is recited is that of each 



