320 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Tou 66. 



rounding regions.^ To the south, in the valleys of Huarca, Chilca, 

 Mala, and Runahuanac, the chief power was in the hands of a per- 

 sonage called Chuquimancu. The region around Chincha Alta and 

 Chincha Baja was ruled by a chief, named Chincha. Garcilasso 

 tells us that before the Inca conquest the subjects of the chief called 

 Chincha had been very powerful ; that they had come from far away 

 and that they were warlike.^ Finally, the districts about and be- 

 tween Pisco, lea, and Nasca seem to have been closely allied, after the 

 manner of the groups of valleys further north.^ All these coast 

 regions were the seat of high culture for some time, in places per- 

 haps for several centuries, before the Inca clan in the Cuzco Valley 

 began its extraordinary climb to imperial power. The Inca domi- 



Fio. 1.— Battle scene showing use of sling. 



nance over this region became definitely fixed in the reign of Pacha- 

 cutec (between 1425 and 1475 A. D.), although preparatory conquests, 

 mainly in the southern parts of the the coast country, were probably 

 made as early as the reign of Inca Eocca (about 1350 A. D.).* 



Such, in brief, were the political subdivisions of the coast people 

 of Peru. Although broken up into a number of chiefdoms, and 

 doubtless numerous tribes, these people belonged to one general type 

 or stock.^ They were brachycephalic, like the people of Central 

 America, with more or less intrustion, according to region, of the 



1 Garcilasso, Markham's translation, Hakluyt Society, 1869 and 1871, vol. 2, pp. 

 185-193. Markham, 1912, p. 181. Means, 19171), p. 329. Joyce, 1912, p. 95. 

 ' Idem, pp. 149-153. 



'Idem, p. 147. .Toyce, 1912, p. 95. Markham, 1912, pp. 176-178. Means, 1917, p. 239. 

 * Means. 1917, pp. 246-249. 

 •HrdliCka, 1914, p. 48. 



