102 EEVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS. 



d-. Anterior toes soldered closely together for Ibe greater part of their length 



(syndactylous) Alckdinid^. 



fe^. First primary umch shorter than secondaries. 



c'. Three toes in front UpupiDJi. 



c2. Two toes in front PiciDit. 



a*. Secondaries not more than seven, much shorter than the primary coverts. 



MiCROPODiD^. 



By taking" anatomical characters into consideration a more natural 

 classiiication maybe obtained (cf. L. Stejnegerin Stand. Kat. Hist., IV, 

 1885, pp. 371 seqv.): 



a^. Amhiens muscle present (superfamily Cuculoidecc) Cuculid^. 



o'. Ambieus muscle absent. 



fo'. Semiteudinosus muscle present, 

 c'. Deep plantar tendons synpelmous. 

 d^. Dorsal feather-tract furcate between the shoulders (superfamily Voracia- 

 doidecB). 



e^. Ten tail feathers CAPEiMULtaDji. 



e -. Twelve tail feathers CoRACiADiDyE. 



d'^. Dorsal feather-tract simple between the shoulders (superfamily Alcedinoi- 



dew) ALCEDlNIDiE. 



c^. Deep plantar tendons schlzopelmous (superfamily Upupoidem) Upupid^e. 



c^. Deej) i)lantar tendons antiopelmous (superfamily Picoidea;) PiciD^. 



i-. Semiteudinosus muscle absent (superfamily Micropodoidea) Micropodid^. 



Family PICID^]. 



The family of Woodpeckers may be divided naturally into two sub- 

 families, the Wrynecks and the Woodpeckers jjroper, the Japanese forms 

 of which may be easily distinguished as follows: 



Jynginas : Tail-feathers soft, rounded at the ends. 

 Picinw : Tail-feathers stiff', pointed towards the ends. 



Subfamily JYKGIN^, Wry^necks. 



JYNX Linn. 



—17.^8. — Jynx Linn., S. N. 10 ed., I, p. 112 vt.vpe J. torquilla). 



T^1760. — Torquilla Brisson, Ornith., IV, p. 3 (same type)". 



=1766.— TM/i-T Linn., S. N. 12 ed., I, p. 172 (emend.). 



=11^00. — lynx Retzius, Fauna Suecica, p. 100 (emend,). 



=1854. — Junx Reichenbach, Haudb. Spec. Ornith., p. 431 (emend.). 



=1863. — hmx Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., IV, p. 4 (emend.). 



(174) Jynx torquilla Linn. 

 Wryneck. Arisu. 



17.58. — Jyii.rto7-qHUlalA-sji., S. N., 10 ed., I, p. 112. — Fmmx t. Linn., S. N., 12 ed., i, p. 172 

 (17G6). — Temm., Man. d'Orn., 2 ed., iii, p. lij. (1835). — Temm. & Schleg., 

 Fauna .lap. Aves (p. 75) (1849). — Blakist., Amend. List. B. Jap., p. 47 

 (1S8A).— Jynx f. Seebohm, Ibis, 1884, p. 180. 



1826.— Ficus jynx Pallas, Zoogr.vRoss. As., i, p. 41(5. 



1831. — Jynx arborea Brehm, Haudb. Vog. Dentschl., p 203. 



1831. — Jynx punctata Brehm, Handh. Vog. Deutschl., p. 203. 



