454 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 



the latest known is of Macrinus (A. D. 217). Among them, coins of 

 the Antouines are of most frequent occurrence." 



Two representatives of Viking naval architecture, dating from the 

 period extending from the year 800 to 1050 after Christ, are preserved in 

 the Archaeological Museum of the Koyal Frederiks University at Ohristi- 

 ania, Norway, and in these we again observe the same beautiful and 

 graceful lines exhibited both in the Norwegian fishing-boats of the 

 present day and in the rude drawings and other representations of boats 

 previously described. One of these boats, the 



TUNE SHIP, 



was excavated from a mound in the parish of Tune, Norway, between 

 the Christiauia fjord and the Swedish frontier. In conformity with the 

 Viking customs, it had served as a burial place, and although much of 

 the wood had become decayed, and in addition to this, the sepulchre 

 had previously been disturbed, it aftbrded much information, as an 

 actual relic, of the character of the vessels belonging to the Viking 

 period. The management of the excavation was intrusted to the skillful 

 hands of Mr. O. Rygh.^ 



Commodore H. Miiller, of the Norwegian navy, in his book,^ revised 

 by the historian. Prof. P. N. Munch, states "that the long-ships, in the 

 peculiar sense of the word, must have been ordinarily clinker-built," 

 and this statement is confirmed in the Tune ship, which is built entirely 

 of oak, and is composed of keel, stem and stern posts, frames, timbers, 

 beams, knees, and planking. 



The keel, with a length of 45^ feet, is fixed to the stem and stern 

 posts ; the width of the boat amidships is 14^ feet. 



The frames, 13 in number, are united by cross-beams, and are not 

 fixed to the keel, but lie free above it. On the top of the frames, fitted 

 on to the overlying limbs of the knees and their continuations, rest the 

 ends of the beams, thus forming a ledge for the ends of the JL)ottom 

 boards to rest in. The knees are attached to the beams. 



The planks, 12 in height, are laid in the same manner as in our present 

 yachts and boats, each upper plank projecting a little over the edge of 

 the lower one. Only the bottom plank and the two top planks were 

 fastened with iron nails, the former to the keel, the latter to the knees; 

 all the intervening ones, though fastened to each other by bolts of iron, 

 riveted together, having been tied to the frames by bast ropes through 

 holes in the underside of the frames and corresponding holes or in cleats 

 projecting from the planks. The thickness of the planking differs, being 

 in the lower ones almost that of the two top planks. The tightening 

 of the joints was effected by means of a thin layer of oakum made of 

 cow's hair. 



'Skillings Magazin, 1867, p. 717-719, 7-24, 73H-7:yj. (cfr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet 

 etc., p. 12.) Polytekn. Tidsskrift, for 1867. (cfr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, p. 12.) 



''S0krigshi8torions vigtigste Bi^givoiilu'd'r, ii. I. (ofr. Nicolaysen. Langskibet, etc., 

 p. 14.) 



