1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 445 



more or less equipped ships, sharp at the ends, with stem and stern 

 posts alike, both curved and high. The oars appear as a series of ver- 

 tical strokes along the sides of the ship. 



Such representations have been discovered: in Denmark,^ on the 

 capstone of a funeral chamber near Herrestrup ; in the northwest of 

 Seeland;^ on a bronze knife excavated in Ditmarsch;^ in Sweden, on 

 a heavy diorite slab from a tumulus in Scania, called Willfarahog;* at 

 Kivik, Christianstad Lan, Scania;^ in Bohuslan,^ on the Hiiggeby stone 

 in Upland and on runic stones upon Gotland. The accompanying illus- 

 tration (see Plate xvi) shows a runic stone found in Alskog parish, at 

 Tjangvide, in the southern part of the island of Gotland. It is now 

 in the museum at Stockholm. At the base is a dragon-ship with only 

 one mast and one sail. (The illustration was taken from Paul du 

 Chaillu, The Land of the Midnight Sun : New York, 1882.) They occur 

 in Norway, along the coast as far north as Throndhjem fjord;' and in 

 Russia, upon the southeast bank of Onega Lake,'' which is the only one 

 known to exist within the east Baltic regions of Russia. 



Of the construction of the boats represented in these sculptures of 

 course nothing is known, ner do the engravings permit of any estimate 

 as to their dimensions, the only record handed down to us being the 

 outlines, which, however, are sufficient to serve in the comparison with 

 the lines of later structures. 



A different view of the outlines of boats, supposed to have belonged 

 to the period at the beginning of the Christian era, and which, in form, 



' Worsaae : The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark ; translated by W. J. Thomas ; 

 London, 1849, p. 91. (Cited by Ran : Cup-shaped and other Lapidariau Sculptures, 

 p. 27. ) Worsaae : Nordiske Oldsager i det kou jrelige Museum i Kjobenhavu, tig. 171-175. 

 (Cited by C. Rau : Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures, p. 27.) 



^C. Rau: Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures, p. 27, aud fig. 21. Simp- 

 eon: Archaic Sculptures, &c., p. 72. (Cited by Rau, «fec., p. 27.) Ferguson: Ri;de 

 Stone Monuments, fig. 106, p. 303. (Cited by Rau, p. 27.) Peterson, Dr. Heury : Notice, 

 sur les Pierres Sculpt^es du Dauemark, p. 33-<. (Cited by Rau, p. 27.) 



3 Kemble : Horse Ferales, p. 228. 



■•Nilsson: Das Bronzealter ; Nachtrag, p. 42. (Cited by Rau, p. 29.) Simpson: 

 Archaic Sculptures, &c., p. 78. (Cited by Rau, p. 29.) 



sRau: Cup-shaped and other Lapidariau Sculptures, p. 30 and figs. 24. Nilsson: 

 Das Bronzealter. (Cited by C. Rau, p. 30.) Peterson: Notices sur les Pierres Sculp- 

 t^es, &c. (Cited by Rau, p. 30.) 



"Montelius: Bohuslanske hiiUristuingar, Stockholm, 1876, pp. 3, 18. Rau: Cup- 

 shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures, p. 30 and fig. 25. Nilssou : &c., p. 90. (Cited 

 by Rau, p. 30.) Holniberg, A. E. : Scaudinaviens HiiUristuingar, Stockholm, 1848. 

 Aberg, Dr. Leunart : Hiillristningar uti Bohuslan ; in : Annaler for Nordisk Old- 

 kyndighed; Kjobenhavu, 1839; plate x, p. 386. 



^ N. NicolayscH : Laugskibet fra Gokstad ved Sandefjord. Kristiania, 1882, p. 9. 



«Archiv fiir Autbropologie, x, p. 86; wood-cut, fig. 4. Grewingk, C. : Ueberdie in 

 Granit geritzteu Biklergruppen am Onegasee. In : Bulletin histor. philol. de I'Acad- 

 ^mie des Sciences de St.-P6tersbourg, xii, No. 7 et 8. Schwede: Nachr. Iswestija der 

 geographischeu Gesellschaft zn St. Petersburg'. 18.")0, p. 68. Grewiugk, C. : Verhaqd- 

 lungen der esthnischen GespUschaft zu Uoipa^, vii, Heft 1, p. 25, 



