660 WATER-BIRDS OF JAPAN. 



and specimens to 0. deglandi, and has also done the same with an example 

 in the U. S. National Museum from Shanghai. In China, Swinhoe con- 

 sidered O.fusca as the common species there, while he notes a single 

 specimen of the American form as an exception ("Ibis," 1875, p. 457). 

 At the same time he determined Japan examples as 0. fusca, and Mr. 

 Whitely's specimens were likewise so placed ("Ibis," 18G7, p. 2U8). 

 Other authorities for O.fusca in East Asia are quoted by Mr. Stejneger 

 in his " Results of Ornithological Exi)lorations," p. 176, and he remarks : 



The probability then being that the latter (0. fusca') occurs more to the north- 

 ward and along the western shore of the Okotsk Sea to China, while O. dcglandi 

 reaches from Alaska across the Aleutian chain to Kamtschatka, the Kurils, and Japan, 

 Avhereit winters and meets O.fusca projier, sometimes even traveling as far as China, 

 while, on the other hand, a stray individual of 0. fusca occasionally linds its way to 

 Alaska. 



Careful comparison of further examples from Japan is necessary to 

 clear up this question. 



No. 54. Respecting the Mergansers it is only necessary to note that 

 all those known in Japan are inhabitants of Kamtschatka ; but only one 

 reaches the American shore. 



No. G2. This is the representative in Eastern Asia of >S'. minuta Linn. 

 of Europe. The North Pacific is rather scantily supplied with Terns, 

 but Mr. Stejneger obtained the Arctic Tern, >S'. paradiscva Brunn. ( = 

 macrura NAUM.),in Kamtschatka, which consequently ought to occur in 

 Japan. 



No. G5, This gull, which is so abundant in Japan, has not occurred in 

 Kamtschatka, nor does it frequent any part of the American coast, so 

 that it is probably confined to the temperate and semi-tropical parts 

 of Eastern Asia, being, according to Swinhoe, " a common winter gull 

 on the South China coast." 



No. 7'}. lu addition to the lettered references to the second table as to 

 the gulls, it will be only necessary to say that Japan and Kamtschatkan 

 specimens of L. ridibiindiis hnve been compared and found to agree by 

 Mr. Stejneger, who seems inclined to share the opinions of Cassin and 

 Middendorff", that the Eastern bird is larger than the European. 



No 75. The three Skuas found in Japan, which are circumpolar 

 birds, are recorded by Stejneger and Dybowski, from Bering and Cop- 

 per Islands, off the coast of Kamtschatka. 



No. 80. The two Stormy Petrels in the Japan list were the only species 

 found by ^Ir. Stejueger at Bering and Copper Islands. 



London, Ohio, November 5, 18SG. 



