SYNONYMY AND CHARACTERS OF C. RIPARIA 437 



Ibis, 1873, 59 (Archangel).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 5.— Oowes, B^^W. 1874, 80.— Hancock, 



B. ofNorthumb. andDurh. 1874, 81.— Allen, Fr. Bost. Soc. xvii. 1874, 54.— £:tr«. Pr. 



Cleveland Acad. i. 1874, 270.— B. B. <£ R. NAB. i. 1874, 3aJ, pi. 16, f. U.—Tarr. <& Hensh. 



Rep. Orn. Specs. 1874, 11.— Hensh. ibid, ii.— Hensh. List B. Ariz. 1875, 157.— iTew.^Ti. 



Zool. Expl. W. 100 Merid. 1675, 2-20.— Gentry, Life-Hist. 187<), l9i.—Minot, BNE. 1877, 



U8.—Brew. Pr. Bost. Soc. xvii. 1875, UO.—Lawr. BulL Nat. Mus. n. 4, 1876, 17 (Tehuan 



tepoc).— i2id.9iw. Eep. Surv. 40th Par. iv. 1877, 445. 

 Cotyle littoralis, Ehrenh. "Mus. Berol." 

 Hirundo riparia ainericana, Maxim. J. f. 0. 1858, lOl. 

 Hiruudo ciuerea, Vieill. ' Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. siv. 1817, 526". 

 Cotyle fluriatilis, Cotyle microrhynchos. Brehm, " V6g. Deutschl. i. 142, 143". 

 Hirondelle de rivage, Buff. " vi. 632 ; PE. 543, f. •Z".—Briss. Orn. u. 1760, 506, n. 12 (g. v. for a 



long array of early synonyms). — Le Moine, Ois. Canad. 180 1, 145. 

 Hirundo riparia ; sive Drepanis, Briss. 1. c. (Apevravls, Greek.) 

 Shorc-biPd, WUlugby, "Orn. 213, pi. 39". 

 Sand Swallow, Penn. AZ. ii. 1785, 430, n. 332. 

 Sand Martin, Lath. Syn. ii. pt. ii. 1783, 5e8, n. 10. 

 Cotyle riverain, Degl-Gerbe,l.c. 

 Uferscbwalbe, German. 

 Bank Swallow, of many English and American authors.- (Not of Coues, Am. Nat. s. 1876, 



372, and Bull. Nutt. Club, i. 1876, 96, the actual reference being to Stelgidopteryx 



serripennis.) 



Hab. — Europe, Asia, Africa, America. In this country, the whole ot 

 North and Middle America, including West Indies. South America to Brazil 

 {PtJzeln). Breeds indifferently in its North American range. Winters from 

 the southern border of the United States southward. 



Cn. SP. — $ 9 Murina, alis cauddque obscurioribus ; infra alba, 

 torque pectorali murino. 



cJ $ : Lustreless mouse-brown, the wings and tail fuscous. Below 

 white, with a broad pectoral band of the color of the back. A dusky ante- 

 orbital spot. Length about 5 inches ; extent, 10^ ; wing, 4 ; tail, 2. 



The sexes are quite similar, and the young differ chiefly in whitish edg- 

 ings of the feathers, especially of the wings and tail. Even in the adult, the 

 upper parts are apt to be not quite uniform, there being paler gray edgings 

 of most of the feathers. The dark pectoral band sometimes extends back- 

 ward along the middle of the under parts. Autumnal specimens have the 

 secondaries white-tipped. Very youug birds have rather rusty than whit- 

 ish skirting of the dark feathers, and the white throat speckled with the 

 same. 



OF this cosmopolite, little remains to be said by any one at 

 the present day. One of our best writers wittily com- 

 plains that the poets have stolen our best thoughts; and I 

 might lament, that some of my best bird-biographies have been 

 plagiarized in the most shocking manner by ornithologists who 

 died before I was born. But I forgive them ; they contribute 

 to my Bibliography of the luminous and voluminous literature 

 of the science, in one or another corner of which the anxious 

 reader will find all that is known about Bank Swallows. I 

 have learned much about the bird from such sources, — more 

 perhaps from the much broader pages of anolher book, — yet 



