658 SYNONYMY OF LANIUS BOREALIS 



against the bird-pest of this country — the European Sparrow. 

 In taking counsel with herself, that she might right the balance 

 of her forces, which we so fatuously interfered with when the 

 Sparrow madness seized us, she bethought herself of the 

 Shrikes, and in her own mysterious way she summoned these 

 trusty allies to her aid. The Shrikes, nothing loth, went right 

 to work, and were abating the nuisance very perceptibly, when 

 Bostonese idiocy confronted them and cut short their righteous 

 warfare. Men shot them down in the very acts of destroying 

 Sparrow after Sparrow ; at each murderous discharge of the 

 gun, a noble Shrike was martyred in doing his best for the good 

 of the community. I do not know who is responsible for this 

 outrage. I hope that it was merely the blunder of some igno- 

 rant underling, not instigated by any one professing or reputed 

 to be an ornithologist. If the act was committed under the color 

 of legal authority, there is work for the Nuttall Ornithological 

 Club to do in enlightening the community respecting their real 

 interests. Boston could hardly do a wiser thing, as far as the 

 Sparrow plague is concerned, than suj)port a colony of Shrikes. 



The Great IVorttmern Shrike 



I<aiilas borealis 



Lanins excilbitOP, in part, of tho early systematic writers, being partly based on Gates. 

 Car. App. 36. 



Liinius excubitor, J'orsf. Fn. A mer. Sept. 1771, 9; Pbilos. Trans. Ixii. 1772, 386, n. 9.— TTil'J. 

 AO. i. 1808, 74, pi. 5, f. \.—Bp. Jonrn. Phila. Acad. iii. 1624, 357 ; iv. 1824, 272.— Awti. OB. 

 ii. 1834, 534, pi. 192. 



?L»i]iilS griscus, Bartr. Trav. Pla. 1791, 289 6is. 



LaniUS borealis, V. OAS. i. 1807, 90, pi. 50.— F. Ency. M6th. ii. 1823, 728, n. 5.— Sw. £ Rich. 

 FBA. ii. 1831, 111, pi. 'i'i.—Toions. Journ. Phil'. Acad. viii. 1839, 152.— Awd. Syn. 1839, 

 157.— Awd. BA. iv. 1842, 130, pi. 236.— Gir. BLI. 1844, 155.— ffraj/, G.of B. 1847,294.— 

 Smith, Zoologist, vii. 1849, 2495 (Scotland).— Gartt, Zoologist, viii. 1850, 2649 (same).— 

 Hoy, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1853, Zm.—Thomps. Vermont, 1853, 75, fig.— ZTennic. Tr. Illinois 

 Agric. Soc. i. 1855, 582 (Illinois).— Pmtten, ibid. 605 (same).- Pm«h. Pr. Eae. Inst. i. 

 1856, 213.— (7ass. Pr. Phila. Acad. 1857, 212.— Maxim. J. t. O. vi. 1858, l^d.— Jones, Nat. 

 Bermuda, 1859, ^\.— Martens, J. f. O. 1859, 212 (Bermudas).— TFajis, Smiths. Rep. for 

 1858, 1859, 281 (Nova Scotia).— r?trn6. B. E. Pa. 1869, 26; Phila. ed. 19 (AUeghanies, 

 breeding).— Dress, cfi Sharps, PZS. 1870, 591 (monographic).- Tripjje, Pr. Ess. Inst. vi. 

 1871, 117.— FinscTi, Abb. Nat. Ver. Brem. iii. 1872, 39 (Alaska). 



CollyriO borealis, Bd. BNA. 1858, 324.— Cooj^. <6 Suckl. PRRR, xii. pt. ii. 1859, 188. -Wheat. 

 Ohio Agric. Rop. for 1860, 1861, 364.— Parn. Smiths. Rep. for I860, 1861, 436 (Pennsyl- 

 vania).— Oomcs t£- Frent. Smiths. Rep. for 1861, 1862, 409 (Washington, D. C; rare).— 

 Hayd. Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. xii. 1862, 162.— Terr. Pr. Ess. Inst. iii. 1862, U8.—Boardm. 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. ix. 1862, 126.— Blakist Ibis, 1862,5; 1863, 65.— Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst. iv. 

 1874, 66.—Feilncr, Smiths. Rep. for 1864, 1865, 425 (California).- Oowes, Pr. Phila. Acad. 

 1866, 73 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.) .—Lord, Nat. in Vane. ii. 1866, 295.— iawr. Ann. Lyo. 

 N. T. viii. 1866, 285 (New Yor'k).—McIlwr. Pr. Ess. Inst. v. 1866, 87.— Allen, Am. 

 Nat. i. 1867, 42.— Foorf/t. Am. Nat. ii. 1868, 280.— Fowler, Am. Nat. ii. 1868, 659.— Coop. 

 Am. Nat. iii. 1869, :i5.— Abbott, Am. Nat. iv. 1870, 545.— iocJtwood, Am. N.at. vi. 1872, 

 236.— JJoi/jrt. Cox's Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1869, 219 (habits).— Z)aH <£• Bann. Tr. Chicago 

 Acad. i. 1869, 280.— Stcv. Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, lor 1870, 1871, 464. 



