78 George Dahl, 



them to her; as well as all the cities this side of the river Eleu- 

 therus, Tyre and Sidon excepted." 



Plutarch' includes in this gift to Cleopatra, Phoenicia, Coele- 

 syria, Cyprus, a large part of Cilicia, the part of Judea that bears 

 the balsam, and the part of Nabatean Arabia toward the Mediter- 

 ranean. 



Both passages from Josephus above are to be attributed to Nico- 

 laus of Damascus as their source^. In the Antiquities (XV, 4:2, 4) 

 Josephus does not state, but distinctly implies that the Jericho 

 region (as in the account in £.J.) was given to Cleopatra, from 

 whom Herod was obliged to rent it. In these parallel narratives, 

 as elsewhere, Josephus is very free in his adaptation of his sources. 



If, as seems probable. Dor is to be numbered among the coast 

 cities in this account, we gain the information that Dor was, for a 

 short time after 34 B. C, at least nominally tributary to Cleopatra, 

 queen of Egypt. 



ANTIQUITIES XV, 9 : 6 AKD BELLUM JUDAICUM I, 21 : 5. 



In connection with his account of the building of Caesarea by 

 Herod the Great, Josephus mentions Joppa and Dor. These latter 

 are described as smaller mai'itime cities, unfit for harbors because 

 of the 2:)revalence of violent winds fi-om the south. As a conse- 

 quence merchants are obliged to anchor their ships in the sea oppo- 

 site them. According to Josephus it was for the purpose of jDro- 

 viding a safe anchorage on this inhospitable shore between Dor and 

 Joppa that Herod established the port of Caesarea. The account 

 in the Antiquities (XV, 9 : 6) reads as follows : 



Kctrat jxkv yap rj ttoAis (i. e., Caesarea) iv rfj ^otviKT] Kara tov eis AiyvTT- 

 Tov TrapdirXovv loTnri^s fi^ra^v Koi Awpwv, 7roXi(jfxa.TLa ravT €(tt\v TrapdXui 

 BvcTOpfJUi Bia Tois Kara Xij3a TrpocrfioXd'i, at det ras ck tov ttovtov diva's ctti ttjv 

 ■i^ova avpovcrai Karaytoyr^v ov SiSdacriv, dXX' eortv dvayKalov dirocraXeveiv to. 

 TToXXd TOWS i/JLTTopov; iv dyKvpa'i. 



" This city (i. e. Caesarea) is situated in Phoenicia, on the pas- 

 sage by sea to Egypt, between Jopj^a and Dor, which are rather 

 small maritime cities and unfit for havens, because of the violent 



' Ant. 36. See ed. Dochner, II, Vitae 2, p. 1111. 

 2*So Holscher, p. 25 ; Destinon, p. 120. 



