History of Dor. 29 



been borrowed from witliout. This fact doubtless accounts for the 

 variations we lind in the writing, both in its use as a common noun 

 and as a designation of ancient Dor. 



Fleischer', followed by FraenkeP and Jastrow', suggests that the 

 Aramaic pplD^ a plural noun meaning "Kopfbedeckungen, Miit- 



(j ' 

 zen ", is connected with the Arabic \y^y^ (and its variants) of 



Dozy". He finds no Aramaic origin for j'p"1p ■ Fraenkel raises 



the question whether it be a genuine Aramaic word at all. Levy" 

 suggests "teretes"', Jastrow " turritum " (capitis ornamentum), as 

 the Latin original of the Aramaic word. 



Thus the Arabic )y^-f^ and the Aramaic ppip ' both signifying 

 head-covering or cap, stand isolated in their respective languages 

 and yet in apparent connexion one with the other. Both seem to 

 be borrowed, and the original must be sought in some language 

 with which the people of Syria and Arabia came into contact. The 

 conquest of these lands by Alexander opened the way for Greek 

 influence upon the native languages, and the Roman settlers after 

 Pompey brought in many Latin words ; in either the Greek or the . 

 Latin, then, the original word is probably to be sought. 



The Latin "tentorium" (English "tent" — in Middle Latin it is 

 also used to signify an " umbrella"") seems to be the most probable 



» <j '' 

 original of both Oi\Jak^ and ptO^ID • In borrowed Avords the ten- 

 dency is to conform at first rather closely to the original form ; later 

 the word is changed to accommodate it more nearly to the language 

 into which it is taken. The Aramaic form as borrowed from the 

 Latin " tentorium" was probably TlDJiD - the "ium" as usual drop- 

 ping ofi^. Metathesis in borrowed words is very common and fol- 



^ In his supplementary notes in J. Levy, Neiihebrdisches und Chalddisches 

 Worterbuch, Vol. II, p. 210 (1879). 



' Die Aram. Fremdicorter im Arab., p. 53 (1886). 



^ Diet, of the Targumim, etc., p. 553b (1903). 



•• Jastrow vocalizes p^lO . 



^ S. Krauss {Grieeh. u. Latein. Lehnicorter im Talmud, etc., II, pp. 271 ff.) 

 questions, but without sufficient reason, this definition of pt^lO . 



^ Neuhebr. u. Chald. Woi^terbuch, s.v. 



' Plural of adj. teres, "rounded oflf"; fig. "smooth"'. 



* Du Cange, Glossarium mediae et injimae Latinitatis, s.v. 



