TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER PAGE 



Preface 245 



Introduction 247 



I. The Inland Towns and their Village Settlements 251 



The Villages 252 



Occupations of the Village-Dwellers 253 



Ministers, Lawyers and Physicians 254 



The Business Men 256 



The Country Store 258 



Village Industries 260 



The Mechanics and Artisans 262 



The Lack of Division of Labor — Causes and Results 266 



Manufactures in Inland Towns 268 



Hats 269 



The Iron Industry 270 



Shoemaking 273 



Woolen Cloth 273 



Cotton Spinning 274 



Summary 275 



II. The Coast and River Towns 277 



Four Groups of Commercial Towns 



(1) On Massachusetts Bay 277 



(2) The Ports Along Long Island Sound 280 



(3) Connecticut River Towns 285 



(4) Cape Cod and Nantucket 287 



Summary — Relation of the Maritime Industries to Agriculture 291 



III. Commercial Relations of Southern New England with the 



Southern States and the West Indies 294 



Markets Outside New England: 



(a) New York City._ 294 



(b) Regions of Specialized Agriculture 295 



(1) The Chesapeake Lowlands 295 



(2) The Coastal Plains of South Carolina and Georgia.. . 297 



(3) The West Indies 300 



Estimate of the Importance of these Markets 304 



IV. Internal Trade and the Transportation System 306 



The Waterways 307 



The Roads and Highways 311 



How the Roads Were Laid Out 312 



Means of Conveyance 314 



The Building of Turnpike Roads 315 



The Effect of Turnpike Roads on Inland Trade 316 



The Insignificance of Internal Trade 318 



V. The .Agricultural Industry 319 



Contemporary Criticism 319 



Farm Management in 1800 321 



Size of Farms 321 



The Importance of Indian Corn 322 



Why the Wheat Crop Failed 323 



The Lack of Root Crops 324 



The Rotation of Crops 326 



The Neglect of Manure 328 



243 



