282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. los 



intermediate populations may also be found on others of the central 

 islands. 



Although, as mentioned above, manueli is quite constant in its 

 characters for a bird whose range encompasses so many islands, 

 there is a certain amount of intraracial variation present. The most 

 noticeable of these variations is a tendency for Palawan specimens 

 to have smaller bills than those of the other islands within the range 

 of manueli as here defined. The two specimens examined from the 

 Sulu Archipelago are also small-billed. That this does not represent 

 a stage in a cline toward the small-billed leucogastra is shown by the 

 fact that the Borneo specimens have bills fully as large as those of 

 typical manueli. 



This subspecies is named for Dr. Canuto G. Manuel, chief of the 

 zoology division of the National Museum of the Philippines, whose 

 assistance and hospitality added immeasurably to the success of our 

 expedition. 



A series of specimens of Lonchura leucogastra from Kuching, Sara- 

 wak, sent to the U. S. National Museum for identification by B. E. 

 Smythies of the Sarawak Museum, shows that a race is found in that 

 vicinity which differs remarkably from other Borneo bu'ds; no less 

 than three races of this species are thus found in Borneo. The birds 

 of the highlands of northern and eastern Borneo are L. I. manueli; 

 those of southern Borneo, L. I. castanonota. The Kuching bu-ds are 

 actually closest in appearance to the geogi-aphically distant L. I. ev- 

 eretti of the northern Philippines. Mr. H. G. Deignan, who had sus- 

 pected that the Kuching series differed from everetti as previously 

 understood, has generously permitted me to include a description of 

 this race in the present paper. I am happy to use the name which 

 had been selected by Mr. Deignan, and designate this subspecies 



Lonchura leucogastra smythiesi, new subspecies 



Type: USNM 461688; adult male; Tabuan, Kuching, Sarawak; 

 Dec. 9, 1938; collected for Sarawak Musemn. 



Diagnosis: Nearest to the geogTaphically distant L. I. everetti of 

 the northern Philippines, but white shaft-streaks of dorsal surface re- 

 duced, practically absent on crown; upper tail coverts virtually con- 

 colorous with back instead of a darker brown; anterior underparts 

 deeper brown. The neighboring i. I. manueli of the higlilands of 

 northern Borneo has blacker anterior underparts and the upper tail 

 coverts decidedly blackish, as mentioned above. The wing of L. I. 

 smythiesi averages shorter than that of typical manueli, but matches 

 that of the slightly smaller Palawan population assigned to the latter 

 race. 



