CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS, GAD WALL. 5 Go . 



in the sedf?e, lined with dry grass, and, in the absence of both parents, 

 is covered with dry leaves and feathers. * * * * They lay from 

 six to ten, or even twelve eggs, and as soon as the yonug are hatched, 

 they withdraw from the river to the small creeks and rivulets, where 

 they remain nntil the ducklings are fully able to fly, when all repair to 

 the great marshes, where, on the roots of the horsetail {Equisetum), 

 they grow so fat that frequently they cannot raise themselves above 

 the water." 



A nest-complement of seven eggs, from the Yukon, now in the Smith- 

 sonian, furnishes the following characters: size, 2.10 by 1.50, to 2.30 by 

 1.55; shape, rather elongate ellipsoidal; color, uniform dull grayish- 

 olive, without any buff or creamy shade. 



Hybrids of this species with the Mallard are of comparatively fre- 

 quent occuirence; and in at least one instance (that recorded by Prof. 

 A. Newton, as above cited) these have proved fertile inter se. Those 

 that I have examined show unmistakably the characters of both parents 

 in about equal proportions. 



CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS, (Linn.) Gray. 



GadWiill; Gray Duck. 



Jnas sirepera, Linn , Syst. Nat. i, 1776, 200.— Gm.. Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 520.— Lath., Itid. 

 Oru. ii, 1790, 849.— WiLS., Am. Orn. viii, 1814, 120, pi. 71.— Temm., Mau. 1815, 

 539 ; ii, 1835, 837 ; iv, 1840, 532.— Boie, Isis, 1832, 564.— Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 

 2.57 ; Syn. 1828,383.— Steph., Gen. Zool.xii, 1824, 103.-Flem, Br. Au. 1828, 124.— 

 Brehm, Vog. Dent.scb. 1831, 870.— Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 383.— Aud. Orn. Biog. 

 Iv, 1838, 353, pi. 348 ; Syn. 1839, 378; B. Am. vi, 1843, 2.54, pi. 388.- Naum., V(".g. 

 Dentsch. xi, 1842, 659, pi. 302.— Keys. & Blas.. Wirb.Eur. 1840, 85.— Sely.s-L , 

 Fn. Belg. i, 1842, 141.— Gm., B. L. I. 1844, 304.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 

 343.— SciiL., Rev. Crit. 1844, 115; M. P.-B. viii, 1865, 48.— Degl., Oru. Eur. ii, 

 1849, 430.— Newp.., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 1857, 102.— SwiN., P. Z. S. 18G3, 124 ; aud of 

 most earlier authors. 



Anas (ChanUodus) strepmt; Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 440.— Jen., Man. 1835, 231.— 

 Sw., Classif. B. ii, 1837, 360. 



ChauHodus sirepera, Sw., Journ. Roy. Inst, ii, 19.— Eyt., Cat. Br. B. 1836, 60. 



Eliiwrhi/nchus sircpira, Eyt., Mouog. Anat. 1838, 137. 



ChaulelmmiiK sirejjcrus, Ghay, 1838 ; List B. Br. Mns. 1844, 139; List of Gen. of B. 1S40, 

 74 ; Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 617 ; List Br. B. 1863, 196.— Bp., List, 1838, 56.— Gosse, 

 B. Jam. 1847, 408.— Reich., Syst. Av. 1852, 10.— Woodh., Sitg. Rep. 1853, 104. 

 Bi)., B. N. A. 18T)8, 782.— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 256.— Hekicm., 

 P. R. R. Rep. X, 1859, pt. vi, 69.— Gundl., Av. Cub. 1866, 389.— Jeiid, B. India, 

 iii, 1864, 892.— CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 99 (Arizona).— Degjl.-Gerue, Orn. 

 Eur. ii, 1867, 516.— Dress., Ibis, 1886, 43 (Texas).- Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. 

 Acad, i, 1869, 298.— Merr., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1872. 704 (Idaho).- ArxEN, 

 Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 183 (Colorado).— Aiken, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv, 1872,240 

 (Colorado).— CouES, Key, 1872, 286.— Sxow, B. Kaus. 1873, 11 ; aud of authors 

 generally. 



Qiterqiieditla Htreptra, Macgil., Man. Orn. ii, 1842, 169. 



Anax titrepera amcricamt, Maxim., J. f. O. vii, 1859, 169. 



ChaulcUiNmnii amtricuua, Bp. (dray.) 



AiKix citicrea et subidata, S. (}. Gmelin. (Grai/.) 



Allan kekiisehha, Cm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 531.— Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 877. 



Aiiax mail, Hodgson. {Cray.) 



AiHiH capensis, Swainson. {Gray.) 



TIah. — North America generally. Europe. Asia. Africa. Generally distributed in 



this country. 



Not obtained by Captain Kaynolds' or Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. 

 Jjalcr ExpiditioiiH. — 62363, Idaho. 



The Oadwall breeds in various parts of the United States, and does 

 not appear to proceed to the extreme Noitli like some other species, 

 Mr. Dall nicntion.s a lUitish Columbian s})eciiiuMi, with merely the prob- 

 ability that th(^ species reaches as far as Sitka. Audubon notes the 

 breeding in Texas, and in the Middle States and New England, while I 



