490 TEINGA CANUTUS, RED-BREASTED SANDPIPER. 



b. americana. 



Tringa alpina, Wils., Am. Orn. vii, 1813, 25, pi. 56, f. 2.— OisD, ed. Wils. iii, 1829, 126.— 



Bkkw., ed. Wils. 1840, 475, %■ 220.— Br., Obs. Wils. 1825; Syii. 1828, 317.— Sw. 



& Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 383.— Nutt., Mau. ii, 1834, 106.— Aud., Orn. Biog. 



iii, 1835, 580, pi. 290 ; Syn. 1839, 234 ; B. Aiu. v, 1842, 266, pi. 332.— GiK., B. L. 



I. 1844, 228.— NEWii., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 1857, 100.— Putn., Pr. Ess. lust, i, 1856, 



217.— Wheat., Ohio Agric. Rep. 1860, No. 207. 

 Tringa (Schwuidus) (dpbui var. americana, Cass., Baird's B. N. A. 1858, 719. 

 D-inga (i\7iV?««) aJpiua var. americana, RiDGW., Aun. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 384. 

 Tringa aJpina var. americana, CooP. &. Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 239.— Tuijnb., B. 



E. Pa. 1869, 30.— CouES, Key, 1872, 2.56, fig. 166.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 10. 

 Felulna alpina var. americana, Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 182. — Dall & Bann., Tr. 



Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 291. 

 Felidna americana, Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 188.— Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 



159.— Allen, ibid, iv, 1864, 77.— Coues, ibid, v, 1868, 294.— Boardm., Pr. Best. 



Soc. ix, 1862, 128.— Lawr., Ann. Lvc. viii, 1866, 294. — Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 



1868, 122.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad.' 1871, 30.— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 140.— Allen, 



Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 355. 

 Tringa variabilis, Sab., Suppl. Parry's 1st Voy. p. cc. — Sab., Frankl. Jouru. 686. — Rich., 



Parry's 2d Voy. 353. 

 Tringa cinclus, Wils., Am Orn. vii, 1813, 39, pi. 57, f. 3.— Ord, ed. Wils. iii, 1829, 138.— 



Brk.w,, ed. Wils. 1840, 484, fig. 225.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 84, fig. 292. 

 Felidna cinclus, Bp., List, 1838, 50. 

 Felidna patifica, Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 189 (in text). 



Hob. — North America, especially coastwise. Migratory aud wintering in the 

 United States. Breeding in high latitudes only. 

 Not noticed by either of the Expeditions. 



The Duulin has only beeu observed by Mr. Allen, so far as I am aware, 

 in the Missouri region, he finding it near Leavenworth. Like the j^re- 

 ceding and following species, it is especially a coast bird, migrating in 

 abundance along both our shores in spring aud fall, wlaeu it occurs often 

 in large flocks. I found them very plentiful along the Carolina coast in 

 April and May, and in October. Some of them obtain a perfect dress 

 before leaving in the spring, although they have far to go before 

 reaching their breeding grounds. These are only in high boreal regions, 

 as along the Arctic coast and the Yukon River region. The vernal 

 change begins early in April, during the migration ; in the fall many 

 retain the summer plumage untiP they reach the Southern States, though 

 most come in plain gray attire. 



TRINGA CANUTUS, Linn. 



Red-bi easted Sandpiper ; Robin Snipe ; Knot. 



Tringa canutus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 251. — Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 679. — Lath., Ind. 

 Orn. ii, 1790, 738.— ButJNN., Orn. Bor., 1764, No. 182.— Pall., Zoog. R.-A. ii, 

 1811, 197.— ViEiLL., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxxiv, 1819.— Temm., Man. Oru. 

 ii, 1820, 627.— Flem., Brit. An. 109.— Jen., Man., 1835.213.— Eyt., Cat. Br. Buds, 

 41.— Keys. &, Blas., Wirb. Eur. 76.— Bp., List, 1838, 49.— Schinz, Eur. Fn. i, 

 1840, .326.— Macgil., Man. Br. Birds, ii, 1842, 67.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii. 1844, 

 243, pi. 85, fig. 194; pi. 97, fig. 218.— Schl., Rev. Crit. Ois. Eur. 1844, 88.— Gray, 

 Gen. iii, 1849, 579.— Degl., Oru. Eur. ii, 1849, 219.— Bp., Cat. Met. 1842, 61 ; Rev. 

 Crit. 1850, 185.— Mey., Br. B. v, 1857, 67.— Naum., Vog. pi. 183.— Gould, B. Eur. 

 pi. 324.— Schl., M. P.-B. Scolop. p. 29.— Cass., B. N. A. 1858, 715.— Coues, Pr. 

 Phila. Acad., 1861, 180, and 229.— Wheat., Ohio Agric. Rep., 1860, No. 20.5.— 

 Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 128.— Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 159.— 

 Allen, ibid, iv, 1864,86.— Coues, ibid, v, 1868, 293.— McIlwji., ibid, v, 1866, 93.— 

 Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 294.— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 140.— Coues, Pr. 

 Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 122.— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 291.— Coues, 

 Key, 1872, 256. — Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 10 (Kansas, common). — Ridgw.. Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y. X, 1874, 384 (Illinois). 



Tringa cintrea, BRt)NN., Orn. Bor. 1764, 53.— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 673.— Lath.. Ind. 

 Orn. ii, 1790, 733.— WiLS., Am. Orn. vii, 1813, 36, pi. .57, f. 2.— BoiE, Isis, 1822, 

 560.- -Ord, ed. Wils. iii, 1829, 142.— Brew., ed. Wils., 1840, 482, fig. 224 ; Syu. 



