FULIGULA MARILA, SCAUP BUCK. 573 



often and rapidly repeated. The call of the mother at such times is low, 

 soft, and prolonged, resembling the syllables pe-ee, pe-ee. Tlie watch- 

 note of the male, which resembles hoe-eek, is never uttered by the female; 

 indeed, the male himself seldom uses it, unless alarmed by some uncom- 

 mon sound, or the sight of a distant enemy, or when intent on calling 

 passing birds of his own species." 



Stihfamily Fuligulin^: Sea Bucks. 



FULIGULA MARILA, (Linn.) Steph. 

 Greater Scaup Duck; Big Black-head; Blue-bill; Broad-bill; Shuffler* 



Anas marUa, Linn., Svst. Nat. i, 1766, 196.— Gm., i, 1788, 599.— Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 

 85;}.- Pall., Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 248.— Temm., Man. Orn. 1815, 562.— Leach, 

 Cat. 1815, 39.— ViEiLL., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. 1816, 127 ; Enc. Meth. i, 1823, 

 152.— Light., Veiz. 1823, 85.— Temm., Man. ii, 1835, 865; iv, 840, 545.— Schl., 

 Eev. Crit. 1844, 120.— Naum., V. D. xii, 1844, 84, pi. 311.— IWils., Am. Orn. 

 viii, 1814, 84, pi. 69, f. 3 (may rather be the next species). 



Fuligula marila, Steph., Gen Zool. xii, pt. ii, 1824, 198.— Bp., Syu. 1828, 392: List, 1838, 

 58.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831,453 (includes affinis).—^UTT., Man. ii, 1834, 

 437 (includes rt^«;s).— Jen., Man. 18.35,243.— Eyt.,Mou. Anat. 1838, 1.56.— ViG., 

 Zool. Beech. Voy. 1839, —.—Keys. & Blas., Wirb.Eur. 1640,87.— SELYS-L.,Fn. 

 Belg. 1842, 145.— Macgil., Man. ii, 1842, 188.— Aud., B. Am. vii, 1843, 355, pi. 

 498 (not of vi, 1843, 316, pi. 397, nor of his earlier works).— Gm., B. L. I. 1844, 

 321.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 323.— Gray, List B. Br. Mns. 1844, 143; Gen. 

 of B. iii, 1849, 621 ; List Br. B. 1863, 199.— Degl., Orn. Eur. ii, 1849, 453.— Cass., 

 Orn. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1858, 343.— Swinh., Ibis, 1860, 67 ; 1863, 324.— Reinh., 

 Ibis, iii, 1861, 13.— Jerd., B. India, iii, 1864, 814.— Schl., Mns. P.-B. viii, 1865, 

 26.— Degl.-Gekbe, Orn. Eur. ii, 1867, 536.— Coues, Key, 1872, 289. 



Kyroca marila, Flem., Br. Anim. 122. 



Ayfhya marUa, Boie, Isis, 1822, 564.— Brehm, V. D. 912.— Bp., List B. Eur. 1842. 



FuUx marila, 13d., B. N. A. 1858, 791. — Bky'., Pr. Bost. Soc. vii, 1859 (Bahamas). — Coop. 

 &L Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 258.— Ross, Cauad. Nat. 1862.— Blak., Ibis, 



1863, 147.— Dress., Ibis, 1866, 43.— Brown, Ibis, 1868, 426.— Dall & Bann., Tr. 

 Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 298.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 183 (Kansas and 

 Utah).— Snow, B. Kaus. 1873, 11. 



Anas frevata, Sparhm., Mus. Carls. 1786, pi. 38. 



Marila frenata, Bp., Comptes Rendu.s, xlii, 1856. 



Fuliyida gesnvri, Eyt., Cat. Br. Birds, 58. — Jard., Br. Birds, iv, 138, pi. 5. 



Hab. — The whole of North America. Greenland. Europe. Asia. 

 Not obtained by the Expeditions. 



I frequently saw Black heads in Dakota and Montana, especially 

 during the migrations, but whether this species was with the succeeding 

 was not determined. It is abundant in summer in Alaska, where ]\[r. 

 Dall procured eggs, early in June, at the mouth of the Yukon. The nest 

 was " very rude, a mere excavation with a few sticks about it." 



FULIGULA AFFINIS, Eyton. 

 Lesser Scaup Duck; little Black-head; Blue-bill; Broad-bill. 



"Anas marila, For.st., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, No. 44." 



FM^(/«/rt »Jrtn7«, Ann., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 226; v, 1839, 614; pl. 229; Syn. 1839, 286 ; 



B. Am. vi, 1843, 316, pl. 397. 

 Fiilitjula ajfinin, Eyt., Monog. Anat. 1838, 157.— Gosse, B. Jam. 1847, p. — .— TURNB., B. 



B. E. Pa. 1869, 36.-C()rKS, Key, 1872, 289. 

 Marila affinix, Bp., Comi)tes liondus, xlii, 18.56. 

 Fulij; affinis, IJd., B. N. A. IH.'.H, 791.— Sci>., Il)is, i, 18.59, 231 (Guatemala).- Lawr., Ann. 



Lye, ix, 1869, 143 (Costa Rica) ; 210( Yucatan).— Drkss., Ibis. 186(i, 43 (Texas).— 



Salv., p. Z. S. 1870, 219 (Veragua).— Newt., ibid. 1867, 167 (egg).— Dall & 



Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 298 (Yukon, breeding).— Whkat.. Ohio Agric. 



Rep. 1860, No. 250.— Couks & Pi:ent., Smiths. lv'ei». IHOl, 417.— Boakdm.. Pr. 



Bost. Soc. iv. 1862, 129.— Veur., I'r. Ess. Inst, iii, lHr.2, 159.— Alli:x, ibid, iv, 



1864, 88.— CoUES, ibid, v, 1868, 299.— McIi.wk., ibid, v, 1866, —.—Coues, Pr. 



