ANSER HYPERBOREUS, SNOW GOOSE. 549 



Inst, iii, 1862, 159 (Maine, winter, rare).— Allen, ibid, iv, 1864, 87.— McIlwr., 

 ihid. V, 1866, 94 (Canada West, frequent).— Coues, ihid. v, 1868, 297.— Tkippe, 

 ibid, vi, 1871, 119 (Minnesota, conjnion).— SwiXH., P. Z. S. 1863, 323 (China).— 

 Dress., Ibis, 1860, 41 (Texas).— Lawk., Ann. Lye. N. Y. vlii, 1806, 295.— Coue.s, 

 Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1^66, 98 (Arizona, common). — Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii. 1868. 123 

 (South Carolina).— Bkowx, Ibis, 1868, 425.— Tuknb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 34 (rather 

 rare).— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 294 (Alaska, breeding).- Baxn., 

 Pr. Phil. Acad. 1870, 131.— Mayx., Guide, 1870, 147.— Allkx, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 

 1872, 183 (Utah).— Trippe, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv, 1872, 241 (Iowa, migratorj-, coin- 

 mon). — Coues, Key, 1872, 282.— Sxow, B. Kans. 1873, 11. — Ridgw., Am. Nat. 

 viii, Feb. 1874 (semi-domestic).— Ridgw., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, lb74, 388 (Illinois). 



Anas hypa-bonits, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 504.— Lath., Ind. Oru. ii, 1790, 837.— Wlls., 

 Am. Oru. viii, 1814, 76, pi. 68, f. 3.— Rich., App. Parry's 2nd Voy. 365.— Temm.. 

 Man. 1835, 816. 



Chen lujpcrborcus, BoiE, Isis, 1822, 563 ; 1826, 981.— Bp., List, 1838, 55 ; Compt. Rend. 

 Sept. 1856.— GossE, B. Jam. 1847, 408.— Blas., List, 1862, 20 (Europe).— Guxdl., 

 Cat. Aves Cuban. 1866, :>87.— Degl.-Gekbe, Orn. Eur. ii, 1867, 493. 



Cliionochen hyperborea, Reich., Syst. Av. 1852, 9. 



Anas iiii-aJis, Forst., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 413. 



Anser viveus, Briss., Orn. vi, 288. — Brehm, Eur. Vog. 1823, 766. 



Tadorna nirea, Bkehm, Vtig. Deutschl. 1831, 854. 



White Btaiit, Law'SON, Car. 147. — Lewis & Clarke, ii, 58. 



Snow Goose, Pexx., Arct. Zool. ii. No. 479. — Lath., Gen. Syn. vi, 445. 



b. albatiis. 



Anscr albaius, Cass., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1856, 41 ; 1861, 73.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 925.— 

 TuRXB., B. E. Pa. 1869, 45 (casual).— Sauxd., P. Z. S. 1872, 519 (Ireland).— 

 Hai;t., Br. Birds, 1872, 155 (same instance). 



Ch^n albatn-s, Elliot, B. Am. ii, pi. 42. 



Anser hyptrboreus var. albatus, Coues, Key, 1872, 282. 



Hub. — The \Ahole of North America. Breeds in high latitudes, migrating and winter- 

 ing in the United States; abundant in the interior and along the Pacific coast, rare on 

 tile Atlantic. Greenland, transient. Cuba. Rare or casual in Europe (Naum., Y. D. 

 xi, 221, pi. 2^4 ; Gould, B. Eur. pi. 346). 



On the question of the relationships of the lesser Snow Goose, var. albatus, there is 

 little to be noted beyond the fact of smaller size on an average. The variety appears 

 to bear much the same relationship to hyperboreus that Branta hntchinsii does to cana- 

 dt'nsis. Measurements of a i>air lately taken in Wexford, Ireland, as given by Mr. 

 Howard Saunders : 2| to 3 for tarsus, and 2 to 2^ for bill. 



Dispensed oYer all of North America, the Snow Goose is uowhere a 

 periiianent resident; its migrations are extensive, and pertbrmed with 

 the utmost regularity; the maximum variation, depending upon the 

 advance or retardation of the season — less strictly speaking, upon the 

 weather — is slight. It is never seen in the United States in summer, 

 for it returns to high latitudes to breed. Along the Atlautic coast, and 

 indeed through the whole Eastern Province, it may be called rare, at 

 least in cour^arison with its great abundance in various parts of the 

 West. Those found in Texas, and anywhere about the Gulf of Mexico, 

 undoubtedly migrate inland, following the course of the larger rivers; 

 while tho.se that pass along the Atlantic seaboard generally hug the 

 coast, and are hardly to be met with beyond maritime districts. In 

 Arizona, this Goose is abundant in the winter; it arrives at the Colorado 

 Basin in October, with liordes of other water-fowl, and remains until 

 spring opens. Some disi)erse over all the permanent waters of the 

 Territory, but these are few in nundjer compared with the assemblages 

 on the ('(»l()r;!do. Thus I saw some, and took one, in October, on the San 

 Francisco IMxer, not lar from Fort \\'liip])le; on the .Mojave Kiver, in 

 Crtlifoiiiia, the same month ol the following year, I met with great 

 numbers, in some reedy lagoons. Though they could not have been 

 much molested there, tliey were shy, ami none would liavc bc<'n pro- 

 cured were it not that the nature ol the locality otVcrcd good o[)portuni- 

 ties of unseen api)roach. On the Pacific coast itself, particularly that 



