510 NUMENIUS BOREALIS, ESQUIMAUX CURLEW. 



Mayn., Guide, 1870, 142 (Massacbusctfs, iiiifjratory, rare). — FixsCH, Abb. Nat. 

 iii, 1870, :]lv; (MazaUau).— Newt., P. Z. S. 1871, 57*, pi. 4. fig. :i (i-,gg).— Alli;x, 

 Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 356 (Florida, wiuter).— CouES, Key, 1872, 2<32.— Sxow, 

 B. Kans. 1873. 10.— ScL. «S: Salv., P. Z. S. 1873, 45G.— EiDGW., Aun. Lye. N. Y. 

 X, 1874, 385 (Illinois). 



Nnmciiiiis inlermcdiiis, Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 100. 



Xitmcitiiis riijireiili-w, ViG., Zool. Jourii. iv, 1829, 356 ; Voy. Bloss. 1839, 28. 



XumoihiN 2)h(vopus, Cap,., Scbouib. Guiaua, iii, 7.57. — Pelz., Oru. Bras. 308. • 



Xiivicniiiti hra^:ilieiifsis, Maxim, et BuRM. (Sclater.) 



Hah. — North America. Greeulaud. Central and South America. No West Indian 

 record. Breeds iu bigb latitudes. •- Migratory tbrougb tbe United States, winteriug in 

 the Southern States aud tar beyoud. 



Not obtained by any of the Expeditions. 



The Hudsouian appears to be much less abundant everywhere in the 

 United States than either of the others, although generally distributed, 

 and moving over much the same area as the Esquimax Curlew. I found 

 it sparijigly in Labrador, amid the countless thousands of N. borealis 

 that throng those shores in August and September. According to all 

 observers it is rare in ISTew England, but more common on the New Jer- 

 sey coast. It is included among the birds of Kansas, on Prof. Baird's 

 authority. The extent of its southern dispersion in winter is as great 

 as that of N. horealis, and, like the latter, it breeds only in high lati- 

 tudes. I am not at all familiar with its habits, concerning which very 

 little has been recorded. 



The eggs are always larger than those of N. horcaUs, but cannot be 

 otherwise distinguished with certainty, for both show the great range 

 of variation indicated in mv description of the latter. The size is from 

 2.12 to 2.30 in length, by about l.GO iu width. 



NUMENIDS BOEEALIS, (Forst.) Lath. 



Esqjiiraaiix Curlew, 



Scoloimx lorealis, Forst., Philos. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 411 (not of Wilson). 



Xumenius borealis, Lath., Ind. Oru. ii, 1790,712. — Bp., Syn. 1828, 314. — Bp., Am. Orn. iv, 

 118, pi. 26, fig. 3.— Bp., List, 1838, 49.— Sw. &'Eicn., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 378, pi. 

 65.— Nutt., ii, 1834, 101.— Aud., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 69; v, 1839, .590; pi. 208.— 

 Aud., Syn. 1839, 255.— Aud., B. Am. vi, 1843, 45, pi. 357.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 

 274. — PuTX., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 218 (Massachusetts, migratory, rare). — Bd., 

 B. N. a. 1858, 744.— CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 236 (Labrador, migratory, 

 abundant). — Hayd., Rep. 1862, 175 (Upper Missouri, not unconuuon). — Verr., 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862,159.— Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 129 (Calais, Me., rare, 

 migratory). — Aelex, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 87 (Massachusetts, rare, spring and 

 fall ; " occanional in uintir"{[ ?). — Reixu., Ibis, iii, 1861, 10 (Greenland). — Salv., 

 ibid. 3.56 (Central America).— Dress., ibid. 1866, 40 (Texas).— ScL., P. Z. S. 1867, 

 333 (Chili).— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1868, 294.— Coues, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 

 1868, 296 (New England, migratory, not common). — CouES, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 

 1868, 123 (South Carolina, winter (?).—Turxb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 33 (May aud 

 September, rather rare).— Dall & Baxx., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 293 (Alaslva).— 

 Mayx., Guide, 1870, 142 (Massachusetts, migratory, not uncommon). — Newt., 

 P. Z. S., 1871, 56, pi. 4, fig. 1 (egg).— Allex, Bull.' M. C. Z. 1871, 356 (Florida, 

 winter ('?). — Allkx, ihid. iii, 1872, 182 (Kansas, in June).— Coues, Key, 1872, 

 262.— Sxow, B. Kans. 1873, 10.— Scl. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1873, 456.— Ridgw., Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y. X, 1874, 385 (Illinois).— Dress., B. Eur. pt. xvi, 1873 (Europe). 



Numenius hrevirostris, LiciiT., Verz., 1823, 75. — Darw., Voy. Beagle, iii, 129 (Buenos 

 Ayres).— Pelz., Orn. Bras. 308 (Brazil). 



Xinncnius viicrorhyvchits, Phil. & Laxdr., Wieg. Arch. 1866, 129 (Chili); Cat. 35. 



Hab. — North aud Middle America. Not recorded west of the Rocky Mountains. 

 Alaska. Breeds within the Artie circle. Migratory through the United States, where 

 rarely if ever observed to winter, never to breed. Extraordinarily abundant in Lab- 

 rador in August. Winters in Middle and South America. No West Indian record. 

 Accidental in Europe (Great Britain, four instances. Hart., Man. Br. Birds, 1872, 145). 



Licutctiant Jrarrcii^s Erpcdition. — 4881, 5572, Upper Missouri River. 



Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition, nor by the later ones. 



The Esquimaux Curlew migrates through the Missouri region, in 



