LOXIA CURVIROSTRA VAR. AMERICANA. 109 



familiar than most small birds are, frequenting open hillsides and ravines, 

 often in company with Cassiu's Purple Finches. They were abundant, 

 and apparently residents, though more numerous in the spring and fall 

 than at other seasons. I also found them in good feather and full song 

 in November, at San Pedro, when I enjoyed the hospitalities of my 

 friend Dr. Cooper, then post surgeon at Drumm Barracks. He told me 

 that further south, at San Diego, they begin to build early in March. 

 Under the name of Linnets, they are often kept in cages in California, 

 as the Arkansas Goldfinch is in New Mexico. 



Mr. Trip])e informs me that the Crimson -fronted Finch is only an 

 occasional visitor to Clear Creek County, Colorado, small flocks some- 

 times visiting the lower valleys in late spring. It does not breed in the 

 county, so far as his observations go, though it is not improbable that a 

 few nest in Bergen's Park. 



. LOXIA CURVIKOSTEA var. AMERICANA, (Wils.) Cones. 



American Red Crossbill. 



b. americana. 



Loxia citrvh-osira, Forst., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, No. 23. — Bp., Syn. 1828, 117. — NuTT., 

 Man. i, 1832, 583.— Aud., Orn. Biojz;. ii, 1834, S.VJ ; v, .^)11 ; pi. 197 ; Ryn. 1839, 

 128 ; B. Am. iii, 186 ; pi. 200.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 130.— Tripre, Pr. Ess. lust, 

 vi, 1871, 117 (Minnesota, veiy common, breeds). 



Loxia curvirostra var. americana, Coxjes, Key, 1872, 351. — B. B. & R., N. A. B. i, 1874, 

 484, pi. 23, f. 1. 4. 



Curvirostra americana, Wils., Am. Orn. iv, 1811, 44, pi. 31, f. 1, 2. — Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 

 42G.— Coop. & Sucic, N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 198.— Wheat., Ohio A^ric. Rep. 

 1860, — .— Hayd., Rep. 1862, 165.— Allen, Pr. Ess. lust. iv. 1864, 70.— Boaudjl, 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 126 (Calais, Me. ; said to breed in winter).- Coues, Pr. 

 Ess. lust. V, 1868, 281.— TUHNB., B. E. Pa. 1869, 21 (winter, and resident iu the 

 Alleghanies).— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 281 (Sitka).— Coop., B. 

 Cal. i, 1870, 148 (resident iu the Sierra Nevada). — Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 

 1871, — .— Mayn., N. Guide, 1870, HI.— Coties, Key, 1872, 129, pi. 3, tigs, 13, 14, 15. 



Loxia americana, Bp., List, 1838, 38 ; Cousp. 1850, 527. — Newu., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 1857, 

 87.— Lawj:., Auu. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1868, 288 (New York).— FiNSCii, Abh. Nat. 

 iii, 1872, 56 (Alaska). 



c. mexicana. 



Loxia mexicana, Strickl.. Jard. C. 0. 1851, 43 (city of Mexico). — Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 94. — 

 ScL., r. Z. S. 1859, 365 ; 1864, 174.— Salv., Ibis, 1866, 193 (Guatemala). 



Curvirosira mexicana, Sumicil, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, i, 1869, 551 (Orizaba). — Stev., 

 U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 187.0, 464. 



Cnrvirosira americana var. mexicana, (Joues, Key, 1872, 129. 



Loxia cun-irontra var. mexicana, CoUES. — B. B. &. R., N. A. B. i, 1874, 488. 



Hah. — Northern North America. South into most of the States in winter (on the 

 Atlantic usually to Philadelphia). Resident in Maine, and southward, in alpine ro- 

 jjious, to Pennsylvania. Breeds iu Minnesota. Resident in the Sierra Nevada of Cali- 

 toruia. South along i\w. alpine regions of Mexico to Guatemala (var. mexicana). 



Lieiitenanl li'arren'n EsjtcdUion. — 89()2-63, Jjaramie Peak. 



Later Kxpedi lionn. —:y[)Sfil, 60091, Colorado; 60385-87, Wyoming. 



Not obtained by Captain Ritynolds' Expedition. 



Mr. Trii)pe has furnished me the following observations made in Clear 

 Creek County, Colorado : " Like the Pine Grosbeak, the Crossbill is irreg- 

 ularly distributed throughout the county, Hocks of hundreds being occa- 

 sionally seen, while, as a rule, it is not conunonly to l)e met widi in this 

 part of the nu)untains. It ranges mncli lower than the former bird, breed- 

 ing from 7,000 feet, if not lower, all the way ui) to timlxT line; nesting, as 

 near as can be judged from the appearance of the young birds, in April 

 and ^lay, according to the elevation, or about the breaking u]) of win- 

 ter, iu June docks composed of young and ohl may be seen roviny; 



