PYRANGA LUDOVICIANA, LOUISIAXA TANAGER. 



83 



Huh. — The typical form from the Eastern United States, north to Connecticut (Lins- 

 leij) and Massachnsetts (JiUson, quoted by Putuam. Allen, Cones, and Maynard ; stra<j- 

 gliug even to Nova Scotia, Eidfjioay, loc. cit. spec, in Mus. Smiths.). West to Kansas and 

 the Indian Territory. South through a part of the West Indies (Cuba ; Jamaica) and 

 Eastern Mexico to Central America, New Grauada, Ecuador, and Peru. Var. cooperi 

 from Southern Middle Province, latitude 35°. South through Western Mexico. 



This species, like the last, merely reaches the eastern extremity of the 

 Missonri region. With a range generally coincident with that of P. rubra, 

 the Summer Redbird is somewhat more southerly, being rare or casual 

 even in Southern Xew England, beyond which I have found no record, 

 excepting Mr. liidgway's citation, based on a specimen in the Smith- 

 sonian, of "Nova Scotia." The bird breeds throughout its United States 

 range, but wholly withdraws irom this country in winter, penetratiug 

 very far south. 



As stated in the Key, Pyranga cooperi is not a tenable species, but 

 may be recognized as a geographical race. In Cooper's late work, 

 '"'•Pyranga hepatica, Cones," is cited as synonymous, but is so only in part. 

 I included, under the head of hepatica,, page 71 of the Academy's Pro- 

 ceedings i'or 1806, my Rio Grande specimens, afterward made types of 

 var. cooperi ; but this is simply a mistake, not to be held to overbalance 

 the rest of my notice, which was based on hepatica proper, as shown by 

 the synonyms adduced. 



The egg of the Summer Redbird is not distinguishable with certainty 

 from that of the Scarlet Tauager, though it averages rather larger. It 

 also closely resembles that of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 



PYRANGA LUDOYICIANA, (Wils.) Bp. 



Louisiana Tauager, 



Tanagra htdoviciana, Wils., Am. Orn. iii, 1811, 27, pi. 22, fig. 1. — Ai'D., Orn. Biog. iv, 

 1838, 385 ; v, 18.39, 90, pi. 354, 400. (Name geograpically inappropriate.) 



Tanagra (Piiranga) htdoviciana, Bp., Syn. 1828, 105. — Nu it., Man. i, 1832, 471. 



Pyramju ladoviviana, Bp.— AUD., Syn. 1839, 137.— AUD., B. Am. iii, 1841, 211, pi. 210.— 

 Sci-., P. Z. S. 1856, 125.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 303. -IIeekm., P. K. R. Rep. x, 1859, 

 52.— Coop. &, Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1880, 182.— Sol., P. Z. S. 18.5(j, 125 (Gua- 

 temala) ; 1859, 377 (Oaxaca); 1S57, 213 (Orizaba); 1862, 19 (Parada, Mex.); 

 Ibis, 1859, 15 (Guatemala).— Cot'KS, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 71.— Coop., Am. Nat. 

 iii, 1869, 33 —Coop., B. Cal. 1870, 145.— Sumicit., Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 550 

 (Vera Cruz).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. lf<72, 175.— Aikkx, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1872, 198 

 (Cohuailo).- CouEs, Key, 1872, 112.— Meuk., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1872,678. 



Pijranga cnjlhropis, Vieill., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxviii, 1819, 291. 



Hah. — Tipper Missouri and eastern foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. 

 Mexico. South to Guatemala. Not north of the United States ? 



List of sjKcimens. 



19207 

 19208 

 19334 

 19335 



22 



80 



Wind River .. 

 Snake River. .. 

 Prvor's Fork. .. 

 ..-^.do 



<? 

 >" 



May 24,1860 

 June 18, IrtCO 

 June 22, 1860 

 do 



F. y. Hayden. 

 <h) 



G. lI.Trook... 

 do 



6.25 

 6.50 

 6.75 

 6.75 



11.00 I 3.75 

 10.50 .3.75 

 11.25 I 3.75 

 11.2.-. I 3.75 



Licutenavt Jrarren's Expedilion.— 8822, Bhick Hills; 8823, Laramie Peak. 

 Later lLj-2)editioiis.—6U\ti2, Wyoming; 61603, Utah; 62278-86, Idaho. 



The elegant Louisiana Tauager has been ascertnined to breed in the 

 vicinity of Laramie Peak, ^vhere several examples have been procured 

 in a higher state of phmnige than that usually described as adult — the 

 whole head and throat intense scarlet, tli(> midiileof tlic l>ack pure black, 

 and the rurn[) rich chrunu' yellow. J)r. Ilaydcn's .specimens are also in- 

 teresting in establishing an extreme limit of the species, as far as now 



