82 PYRANGA RUBRA — P. ESTIVA. 



Family TANAGRID^ : Tanagers. 



PYEANGA BUBRA, (Linn.) Vieill. 



Scarlet Taiiager. 



lanagra rubra, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1706, 314.— Gm., i, 1788, 889.— Wils.. Am. Orn. ii, 

 1810, 42, pi. 11, f. 3, 4.— Bp., Syu. 1828, 105.— Nutt., Man. i, 1832, 465.— Aud., 

 Orn. BiofT. iv, 1838, 388, pi. 354, f. 3, 4. 



Puranga rithra, Vieill., Ois. Am. Sept. i, 1807.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 273.— 

 Jaud., ed. Wils. 1832, i, 192.— Bp., List, 1838, 35 ; Consp. 1850, 241 (quotes pi. 

 Eulum. 127 $, 156 ? ; Desm., Tang. pi. 34).— Aud., Syn. 1839, 136.— Aud., B. 

 Am., iii, 1841, 226, pi. 209.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 135.— Woodh., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 

 82 (Texas aud Indian Territory;.- GossE, B. Jam. 1847, 235.— Scl., P. Z. S. 

 1855, 15:6 (Bogota); 1856, 123 (Cuba, Jamaica); 1858, 73 (Ecuador); Cat. 1862, 

 80 (Bogota).— Maxim., J. f. O. vi, 1858, 270.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 30.— Sumich., 

 Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 550 (Vera Cruz).— Lawk., Ann. Lye. 1861, 331 (Pan- 

 ama) ; ix, 1868, 99 (Costa Rica).— Gundl., Rep. 238 (Cuba).— Allen, Bull. M. 

 C. Z. iii, 1872, 175 (Eastern Kansas).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 5.— CouES, Key, 

 1872, 111 ; and of late writers. 



Phcenisoma rubra, Sw., Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 



Pkwnicosoma rubra, Cab., Mus. Hein. i, 1850, 24. 



Fyranga crythroinelas, ViEiLL., Enc. Met. 800 ; Nouv. Diet, xxviii, 293. 



Eab. — Eastern United States aud British provinces (north to 59*^, Richardson). West 

 to Kansas aud Indian Territory ouly. Breeds at large through its United States range ; 

 none winter. South in winter through Mexico aud Central America, to Ecuador. Cuba. 

 Jamaica. 



The Missouri extension of this species is very limited, probably not 

 reaching above Leavenworth. 



The egg of the Scarlet Tanager is pale dull greenish, minutely freck- 

 led all over with light reddish-brovrn, the markings often aggregated 

 into a wreath around the larger end. Size about 0.90 by 0.65. 



PYEANGA J^STIVA, (Gm.) Vieill. 



Summer Redbird. 



a. cestiva. 



Muscieapa rubra, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 326. 



Tanagra a'^tiva, Gm., Syst". Nat. 1, 1788, 889.— Wils., Am. Orn. i, 95, pi. 6, f. 3.— Bp., Syn. 

 1828, 105.— NuTT., Man. i, 1832, 469.— Aud., Orn. Biog. i, 1831, 232; v, 1639, 

 518, pi. 44. 



Fyranga a;sfiva, Vieill., Enc. Met. 799 ; Nouv. Diet, xxviii, 291.— Bp., P. Z. S. 1837, 117 ; 

 List, 1838, 35; Consp. i. 1850, 241.— LiNS., Am. Journ. xliv, 1848, 261 (Counec- 

 ticut).— Woodh., Sitgr.' Rep. 1853, 82.— Scl., P. Z. S. 1855, 156 (Bogota); 1856, 

 123 (Cuba, Jamaica) ; 142, 303 (Cordova) ; 1858, 73 (Ecuador) ; 358 (Honduras) ; 

 1859, 364 (Xalapa); 377 (Oaxaca); 1860, 293 ; Cat. 1862, 80.— Scl. & Salv., Ibis, 

 1859, 15 (Guatemala) ; P. Z. S. 1867, 278 (Mosquito coast); 1870, 836.— Taylor, 

 Ibis, 1860, 111.— PuTN., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1866, 224.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 301.— 

 Cab., J. f. 0. 1880, 329 (Costa Rica).— Allen. Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 83.— Coues, 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 275. — Lawr., Ann. Lye. vii, 1861, 297 (Panama); viii, 

 1865, 176 (New Granada); ix, 1868, 99 (Costa Rica).— Ridgw., Pr. Phila. Acad. 

 1869, 130 ("to Nova Scotia").— Sumich., Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 548 (Vera 

 Cruz).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 5.— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 109 (Massachusetts). — 

 CoUES, Key, 1872, 111, fig. 52»; plate ii, figs. 19, 20; aud of late writers. 



b. coopcri. 



Pijrauga wsi:va. Coop., Pr. Cal. Acad. 1861, 122.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 71 (refers 



to one of Dr. Cooper's specimens, afterward called cooperi by Mr. Ridgway). 

 Pyranga lupatica, Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad, 1866, 71 (excl. syn. In part. Intended to 



indicate the true hcpatica, but erroneously included my Rio Grande specimens, 



afterward made tyjx^s of J', cooperi). 

 Pyranga cooperi, Ridgw., I'r. Phila. Acad. 1869, 130 (Rocky Mountains), — Coop., B. 



Cal. i, 1870, 142. 

 Pyranga wnliva var. cooperi, Coues, Key, 1872, 111, fig. 52''. 



