GEOTHLYPIS PHILADELPHIA, MOURNING WARBLER. 7o 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 4674-5, "Nebraska;" 8834-37, Loup Fork. 



Later Expeditions. — 60426, La Bonte Creek ; 62343-4, Utah and Montana. 



Excellent analytical accounts of the species of this genus have been given by Baircl, 

 Rev. 219-22S, and by Salvin, Ibis, 1872, 147-152: ^vhile later, Mr. Ridgway, as above 

 cited, has furnished an admirable synthesis, showing the relations of the forms which 

 other vs-riters had differentiated, and thus managing to reduce the eleven- or twelve 

 current species to five. The connection between climate and color is proven to be a 

 relation of cause and effect. 



GEOTHLYPIS PHILADELPHIA, (Wils.) Btl. 



3Iourniiig AVarftler. 



a. pMladeljiMa. 



Sylvia iMJadelpliia, Wils., Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 101, pi. xiv, f. 6.— Bp., Syn. 1823, 85.— 

 KuTT., Man. i, 1832, 404.— Auo., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 78. 



Trichas philaddphia, Jap.d., ed. Wils. 1832.— Rich.. List, 1837.— Bp., List, 1838.— Bp., 

 Consp. i, 1850, 310.— Reixii., Vid. Med. 1853, 73 ; Ibis, 1861, 6 (Greenland).— 

 TiuPPE, Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871 (Minnesota, breeding abundantly). — Hoy, Smiths. 

 Rep. 1864, 438 ( Western Missouri, breeding). 



Gcothlypi^ iMladelplua, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 243, pi. 79, f. 3 ; Rev. 1865, 226.— Law«., Ann. 

 Lye. N. Y. 18131. 322 (Panama).— SCL., Cat. 1862, 27 (Orizaba).— Aixex, Pr. Ess. 

 Iiist. iv, 18o4, 59 (Massachusetts, rare).— Haml.. Rep. Sec'y Maine Board Agric. 

 1865, p. — (Waterville, Me., breeding).— Mcli.wi:., Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1866, 85 

 (H.-.milton, C. W., very rare).— Lawp.., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 283 (New 

 York) ; is, 1868, 94 (Co'sta Rica).— Coues, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 289 (rare sum- 

 mer resident in New England).— Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 110 (South 

 Carolina, rare, migratory).— Turxb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 16 (rare, particularly iu 

 autuum).— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 99 (Massachusetts, rare).— Mayx., Pr. Bo-st. Soc. 

 xiv, ltf71 (breeding commonly at Umbagog). — Alt.ex. Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 

 126 (Topeka, Kaiis., in May).- Sxow, B. Kans. 5.— Salv., Ibis, Apr. 1872,— 

 RiDGW., Am. Journ. Sci. 1872, 459.— Coues, Key, 1872, 107. 



b. macf/iUivniyi. 



Sylvia viacfjillirrayi, AuD., Om. Biog. v, 1839, 75, pi. 399, figs. 4, 5. 



Trivhas macriiUivrayi, AvD., Syu. 1839, 64; B. Am. ii, 1841, 74. pi. 100.— Bp., Consp. i, 

 1850, 310. 



SyJvicola macyiUivrayi, Maxim., J. f. O. vi, 18.58, 118. 



Geothlypis macqilln-rayl, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 244. pi. 99, f. 4 ; Rev. 1865, 227.— Scl., P. Z, 

 S. 1859, 363, 373 (Xalupa, Oaxaca); Cat. 1862, 27 (Guatemala).- Cab., J. f. O. 

 1861, 84 (Costa Rica).— Lawi:., Ann. Lye. ix, 1868, 94 (Costa Rica).— Coop. & 

 Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 177.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1806, 70 (Arizona).- 

 Coop., Am. Nat. iii, 1869, 32 (Rocky Mountains) ; Pr. Cal. Acad. L^70, 75 (Col- 

 orado River) ; B. CJal. i, 1870, 96.— Salv., Ibis, 1872, 148.— Aiken, Pr. Bost. Soc. 

 1872, 197 (Black Hills).— Coues, Key, 1872, 107. 



Geothlypis iMladclphia var. macyilUrrayi, Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, July, 1872, 175 

 (mountains of Colorado,'l»el()\v 9,000 feet). — RiDGW., Am. Journ. Dec. 1872, 459. 



Sylvia tohnuei, Towxs., Jonrn. Pliila. Acad, viii, 1839 (1840), 139, 159; Narr. 1839, 343. 



Trichas folmioci, NuTT., Man. i, 2(1 ed. 1840, 460. 



Trichas vcfieta,Bp. , Con.sp. i, 1850, 310 (based on Sylvia vegef a, l.iCiiT.,'Mi\s. BcTol; cf. 

 Cab., J. f. O. 1861, 84). 



TTal.—'Yha typical form in the Eastern Province of North America, north regularly 

 to the British provinces, casually to Greenland. South to Costa Rica, Panama and Bo- 

 gota. West to Kansas. No record of wintering in tiie United States, tlie West Indies 

 or Mexico. Breeds in New England. Tlii' var. inari/illirrayi from the Middlf and West- 

 ern Provinces, north to British Columbia; ea.st to Colorado and Laramie. Winters iu 

 Mexico and Central America. Breeds in all its United States range. 



Later Kxpcdiliinis. — 60700. Box Elder Creek {\;\y. vtaafiUirrayt). 



Although in the Key I kt!pt ^lacgillivray's Warbler specKically separate from the 

 Mourning Warbhir, I am now pr('))arc(l to agree with Mr. Allen in ranlung it as a geo- 

 graiihical race of the latter. Mr. Ividgway lias iilso ado])ii(l the same view, n)ion liis 

 inde-itendent investigations. Hi- shows some additional characters of gener.-il applica- 

 bility, besides the presence of v*liite eyelids in tlie W( stern biid ; this form being longer- 

 tailed (2.25 to 2..50 instead of 2.ni) to 2. 15), with daiker lores, the black contrasting with 

 the ash an<l white of contiguous parts, and the black centres of the pectoral featliers 

 never forming a continuous blotch, as is the case with luglier-plumaged specimens of 

 philaddxMa. 



