16 SYLVIIDiE REGULUS SATEAPA. 



Cal. Acad. 1870, 75 ; B. Cal. 1870, 33.— Daix & Bank., Tr. Cbic. Acad, i, 1869, 

 27G.— Stev., U. S. Geo]. Surv. Tcr. 1870, 463.— Merr., ibid. 1872, 672.— Mayn., 

 B. Fla. 1872, 27.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 174.— Aiken, Pr. Bost. Soc. 

 XV, 1872, 195.— Trippe, ibid. 234.— CouES, Key, 1872, 78.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 

 4. — And of authors jrenerally. 



Heguloiden calendula, Bp., Consp. Av. i, 1850, 292. 



rhtjUohasilciis calendula, Cab., Mus. Hein. 1851, 33. 



liegulus rubineus, Vieill., Ois. Am. Sept. ii, 1807, 49, pis. 104, 105. 



liuby-crowned Wren, Edw., Birds, pi. 254, f. 2. — Penn., Arct. Zool. ii, No. 320.— Lath., 

 Syn. iv, 511. 



Hab.— The whole of North America. South through Mexico to Central America. 

 Greenland (Keixh., Ibis, iii, 5). Accidental in Europe (Gould, P. Z. S. 1858, 290; 

 Bree, B. Eur. ii, 109; Harting, Br. B. i, 1872, 107). 



Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition. 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition.— 'i683-85, mouth of Big Sioux River. 



Later Exjmlit i on s.—G0()96-7, Green River and Little Sandy ; 60948-57, Green River 

 and Henry's Fork (Schmidt and Stevenson). 62333-4, Wyoming {Merriam). 



The range of this species proves much more extensive than was for- 

 merly supposed, as shown by the above quotations. I have traced it 

 along the Atlantic coast from Labrador to South Carolina, found it 

 abundant in Arizona, and observed it during the migrations in Eastern 

 Dakota. Alaska has lately been added to the list of quotations, as well 

 as various places in Mexico and thence to Guatemala. Mr. Allen states 

 that it is a common summer resident of the mountains of Colorado, from 

 9,000 feet up to timber line, and that he obtained young in the vicinity 

 of Mount Lincoln toward the end of July. It appears to breed mainly 

 in mountainous regions or in high latitudes. A nest is said to have been 

 recently discovered in Western New York ; it was built in the fork of a 

 tree, and contained young. But in most parts of the United States the 

 bird is a migrant only, passing through in large numbers, in company 

 with R. satrapa., titmice, and various warblers ; frequenting orchards, 

 thickets and copses, more rarely high, open woods. It is incessant in 

 motion, hopping nimbly in search of the minute insects and larvse which 

 form its food, uttering its weak chirps. It winters abundantly all along 

 our southern border, whence it retires in March, reaching the Middle 

 districts by the end of that month. Some linger well into May, and 

 come into full song before they leave. Their vocal powers are remark- 

 able for such small birds ; the song is a clear and pleasing warble. In 

 the fall, when they appear in still greater number than in the spring, 

 many linger in the Middle districts until the second week in November. 



There has been some discussion respecting a supposed sexual differ- 

 ence in the scarlet crest of this species. But the fact is that both sexes 

 possess this ornament ; and that neither gains it for at least one year is 

 X^roved by the circumstance that in the spring migrations a number of 

 individuals are found with the head perfectly plain. The sexes are never 

 positively distinguishable by outward characters. In this resx)ect the 

 species diflters from U. satrapa, the female of which lacks the scarlet 

 central patch in the yellow of the crown. 



KEGULUS SATEAPA, Licht. 



Golden-crested Kinglet. 



Begulus satrapa, Licht., Verzeichn. 1823, No. 410.— Bp., List, 1838, 19.— Aud., Syn. 1839, 

 82; B. Am. ii, 1841, 165, pi. 132.— Woodh., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 67 (New Mexico).— 

 SCL., P. Z. S. 1857, 212 (Orizaba).— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 227; Rev. 1864, 65.— 

 Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 174.— Baed., J. f. O. iv, 33, pi. 1, fig. 8 

 (egg. Labrador). — CouES & Prent., Smiths. Rep. 1801, 405 (Washington, D. C, 

 wintering). — Lord, Pr. Roy. Art. lust. 1864, 114 (Vancouver). — Dress., Ibis, 

 1865, 476 (Texas).- CouES, JPr. Phil. Acad. 1866, 66 (Arizona).— Dall & B.VNN., 



