6 TUEDID^, THRUSHES. 



Prent,, Smiths, liep. 1861, 404 (Wasbiugtou, D. C, migratory).— Hayd., 

 Eep. 18fi2, 158.~Vekk., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, lSf)2, 146 (Maine, breeds).— Bd., Rev 

 1864, 17.— Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 56 (Massachusetts, breeds).— Lawk., 

 Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. viii, 1866, 281 (New York).— McIlwraith, Pr. Ess. 

 Inst. V, 1866, 84 (Hamilton, Canada West, breeds).— CouES, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 

 1868, 266. — CouES, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1868, xii, 106 (South Carolina, chiefly migra- 

 tory, some iirobably wintering). — Allen, Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1868, 493 (Iowa, 

 July), .514.— Turx., B. E. Pa. 1869, 14 ("plentiful from April to October, a few 

 remaining during winter"). — Eidow., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 127. — Mayn., 

 Guide, 1870, 90 (Massachusetts, abundant in summer). — Mayn., Pr. Bost. 

 Soc. xiv, 1871 (Maine and New Hampshire, summer). — Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 

 1871, 256 (Florida, winteriug); iii, 1872, 155, 173 .(mountains of Colorado). — 

 Mayn., B. Fla. 1872, 10.— Coue8, Key, 1872, 73. 



TiirdHS f!Uc7is, ViEiLL., Enc. Met. ii, 1823, 647 ( = mustclinus, Wils. ; not silens, Sws.) 



lurdiis icili^o»i, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, 34, No. 73; Syn. 1828, 75, No. 100; Consp. i, 1850, 

 271.— NuTT., Man. i, 1832, 349.— Aud., Orn. Biog. ii, 1834, 362; v, 1839, 446, pi. 

 166.— AuD., Syn. 1839, 90.— Aud., B. Am. iii, 1841, 27, pi. 145.— Giraud, B. L. I. 

 1844, 89.— Cab., <'Fn. Peru. 1844-'46, 205."— Putn., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856,209 

 (Massachusetts, breeding).— Trippe, ibid., vi, 1871, 115 (Minnesota, breeding). 



Merula wiltiO)ii, Bhewer, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1844, 191. 



"T/n-<?;(s minor, D'Okbigny, La Sagra's Cuba, Ois. 1840, 47, pi. 5 (Cuba)." 



Merula minor, Sws. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 179, pi. 36. 



Hab. — Eastern North America. North to Hudson's Bay and the Saskatchewan. West 

 to the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, J //(« ; Fort Bridger, Baird). South to Panama. 

 Cuba. Breeds from Southern New England (from Pennsylvania, TurnbuU), and Iowa 

 northward. Winters from Florida and Gulf States (? from South Carolina, Coues ; 

 I'rom Pennsylvania, TurnbuU) southward. Not seen in Alaska. 



Not obtaiued by Captain Eaynolds' Expedition. 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition.— MVi, mouth of Vermilion Elver. 



Later Expeditions.— 6067G, Green Eiver {Schmidt & Stevenson). 



This is an Eastern species, bnt not exclusively so, altliongh its range 

 is much more limited, both to the northward aud westward, than that 

 of either swa'msoni or paUaA. Dr. Ilayden reports it from the Lower 

 Missouri ; it has not been observed higher up than the locality above 

 given. Prof. Baird gives a Fort Bridger record. Mr. Allen met with 

 it at several points in Colorado between Denver and the Park, es- 

 pecially along the North Fork of the South Platte. It occurs in winter 

 as far south as Panama, and in Cuba. It does not appear to run into 

 Tarieties like the more extensively dispersed pallasi aud sivainsoni, but 

 is as constant as musteli7ius, that, like it, is restricted in range. These 

 facts seem mutually exi)lanatory. 



The nest of this species is built on or close to the ground, and the 

 eggs are unmarked. 



A Yeery's nest, which I found near Pembina, Dakota, on the Eed 

 Eiver of the North, was placed on a little heap of decaying leaves caught 

 at the foot of a bush ; resting on these, it was settled firmly in the crotch 

 formed by several stems diverging at once from the root. The base of 

 the nest was quite damp, but the floor was sufficiently thick to keej) the 

 interior dry. The nest was built of various slender weed-stems, grass- 

 stalks, and fibrous strips of bark, compactly woven and mixed with 

 dried leaves ; the latter formed the liuing of the base inside. The cavity 

 is rather small, considering the bulkiuess of the whole nest, measuring 

 only about two inches aud a half across by less than two in depth. The 

 whole is as large as an infant's head, and of irregular contour, fitting the 

 crotch in which it was placed, and bearing deep impress of the ascending 

 stems of the bush. Tbis nest coutained four eggs, fresh (June 9) ; they 

 measured, on an average, 0.8G by O.GG, aud were pale greenish-blue, with- 

 out spots. The female, scared from her nest by my approach, flew silently 

 oft' to a little distance, where she rested to observe my actions. The 

 bird breeds very abundantly in the heavy shrubbery aloug tbe river, 

 and is one of the sweetest songsters of that region. When its clear 



