4 TURDID^, THEUSHES. 



October, and remains until jSTovember. I uev^er found it wintering in 

 INIaryland or Virginia, but it certainly does so in the Carolinas ; and Dr. 

 TurnbuU says a few linger through that season in the Middle States. 

 Mr. Maynard states that he has found it in Northern New Hampshire 

 when the snow was on the ground, in Maine as late as November G, and 

 in Massachusetts until quite late in the same month.- The same writer 

 speaks of its breeding in Massachusetts, citing a nest and eggs taken at 

 North Beverly in June, 18G8; this is, I believe, the southernmost breed- 

 ing-record. The nest is built in bushes, and the eggs are plain greenish- 

 blue ; they measure O.DO by 0.G2 inches. 



Mr. Allen informs me by letter that "the Hermit Thrush is more or 

 less common in the breeding season in the mountains of Colorado, from 

 about 8,000 feet up to timber line. Several pairs were observed at our 

 cam]) near Fairplay, but it was more common near the timber line in the 

 vicinity of Mount Lincoln than we found it elsewhere. Several broods 

 of young, scarcely able to fly, were seen at the last-named locality about 

 July 25. The old birds were shy, and difficult to approach." 



TURDUS SWAINSONI, Cab. 

 Olive-backed Thrush. 



a. sicainsoni. 



Turdus minor, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 809 (in part; mixed with /jtsccscens). — Vieill., O. 



A. S. ii, 1807, 7, pi. 63 (in part; mixed with jjaHasi).— Bp., Comp. List, 1838, 



17 ; Cousp. i, 1850, 271. 

 Turdus solitariits, WiLS., Am. Orn. v, 1812, pi. 13, f. 2 (not the text on p. 95).— CouES, 



Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 106 (lapsn for ^^ swainsoni"). 

 Mei-ula U'ilsoiii, Sws. & Eich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 182 (excl. syn. "mustelinua, Wils.") 

 Tardus ollraccns, Giraud, B. L. I. 1844, 92 (ncc Linuteus). 

 Meriila oHvacea, Brewer, Pr. Bost. Soc. i, 1844, 191. 

 Turdus swainsoni, Cab., " Fu. Peru. 188 ; v. Homeyer's Reise, ii, 149 ;" Mus. Hein. i, 1850, 



5 (Siberia).—" (?) ScL. & Salv., Ibis, 1859, 6 (Guatemala)."— Sci.., P. Z. S. 1858, 

 451 (Ecuador); 1859, 326; Cat. 1862, 2.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 216.— Guxdlach, 

 J. f. O. 1861, 324 (Cuba).— CouES & Pkent., Smiths. Eep. 1861 (1862), 405 

 (Washington, D. C, migratory). — Hayd., Rep. 1862, 1.58. — Verr., Pr. Ess. 

 Inst, iii, 1862, 146 (Maine, in summer).— Verr., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 137 

 (Anticosti, very common). — Boardm., ihid. 124 (Calais, Me., breeding). — Bd., 

 Rev. 1864, 19. — Allen, Pr. Ess. lust, iv, lfc64, 56 (Massachusetts, migratory). — 

 McIlwraitii, ihid. v, 1866, 84 (Hamilton, migratory).— Coues, ihid. x, 1868, 

 266 (New Englaud, breeding northerly; migratory elsewhere). — Trii'PE, ibid. 

 1871, 115 (Minnesota, migratory). — Lawr., Ann. Lye. ix, 1868, 91 (Costa Rica). — 

 Allen, Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1868, 514 (Illinois).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 

 251 (Florida, in winter).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 173 (Kansas).— Dall 



6 Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 275 (Alaska).- Turn., B. E. Pa. 1869, 14 (says 

 it winters; doubtful).- Ridgw., Pr. Phila. Aciid. 1869, 128.— Mayn., Guide, 

 1870, 90 (Massachusetts, migratt)ry).- Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871 (breed- 

 ing in Maine and New Hampshire). — Coop., B. Cal. i, 1871, 6. — Mayn., B. 

 Fla. 1872, 6.— CouES, Key, 1872, 72.— Snow B. Kas 1873, 4. 



Turdus mininuts, Lafres., R. Z. 1848, 5.— ScL., P. Z. S. 1854, 111.— Bryant, Pr. Bost. 

 Soc. vii, 1860, 226 (Bogota).— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii. May, 1863 (Panama). — 

 " Turdus nanus," Samuels, Am. Nat. ii, 1868, 218 (error). 



b. alicia;. 



Turdus alicia; Bd., B. N. A. 18.58, 217, pi. 81, f. 2.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 217 

 (Labrador). — Coues &. Prent., Smiths. Rep. for 1861, 405 (Washington, D. C, 

 migratory, common). — Hayd., Rep. 1862, 159.— Bd., Rev. 1864, 21. — Coues, 

 Pr. Ess. inst. v, 1868, 267 (New England).— Dall & B.vnn., Trans. Chic. Acjid. 

 i, 1869, 275 (Alaska).— Ru>GW., Pr. Phil. Acad. 1869, 128.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. ix, 

 1868, 91 (Costa Rica). 



Turdus swainsoni var. aVwiw, Coues, Key, 1872, 73. 



c. ustulatus. 



Turdus ustulaius, Nutt., i, 1840. 2d ed., 400 (" ccsfulatus").—JiD., B. N. A. 1858, 215, pi. 

 81, f. 1.— Coop. & Suck., Nat. Hist. Wash. Ter. 1860, 171.— Bd., Rev. 1864, 18.— 



