TURDUS PALLASI, HERMIT THRUSH. 3 



1862, 124 (Maine, breeding).— Verr., ihid. 137 (Anticosti).— Allen, Pr. Ess. 

 Inst, iv, 1864, 56 (Massachusetts, migratory). — Lawk., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 

 1866, 281.— McIlwraith, Pr. Ess. Inst v, 1866, 84 (Canada West,' migratory). — 

 CouES, ibid, vi, 1868, 266. — Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 106 (S(MitIi Carolina, 

 common in winter, October to Marcli).- Turn., B. E. Pa. 1869, 14 (chiefly mi- 

 gratory, some wintering). — RidCtW., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 128. — Allicx, Mem. 

 Bost. Soc. i, 1868, 514 ^Illinois).- Mayn., Guide, 1870, 89 (Southern Xew 

 England, until November). — Mayx., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871 (breeding, 

 Maine and New Hampshire).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 254 (Florida, in 

 winter) ; iii, 1872, 173 (Kansas and Colorado). — Mayn., B. Fla. 1872, 8. — Coues, 

 Key, 1872, 72.— Snow, 13 B. Kas. 1873, 4. 



Turdus soUtarius, Wils., Am. Orn. v, 1812, 95 (not of Linnseus ; not the plate 43, f. 2, 

 w^hich is 8wainsoiu).—iiv., Comp. LisT, 1838, 17.— AUD., Syn. 1839, 91. — Attd., 

 B. Am. iii, 1841, 29, pi. 146.— Brewer, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1844, 191.— Bp., Cousp. Av. 

 i, 1850, 270. — WooDH., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 72 (Texas and New Mexico). — Putn., 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 209 (Alassachusctts, occasional in winter). — ScL., P. Z. S. 

 1857, 212. — Tkippe, Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871 (Minnesota, migratory). 



Merula solitaria, Sws. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 184, pi. "35," by error for 37. — Vleill., 

 Ois. A. S. ii, 1807, 7, pi. 63 (in part).— Brewer, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1844, 191. 



Turdus minor, Bp., Journ. Phila. Acad, iv, 1824, 33. — Bp., Syn. 1828, 75. — Nutt., Man. i, 

 1832, 346.— AuD., Orn. Biog. i, 1832, 303, pi. 58 ; v, 1839, 445.— Gujaud, B. L. Isl. 

 1844, 90.— (?) Reinh., Birds Greenland, 6 (" T. minor, Gm.") 



" Turdus (juttatus, Cab., Fu. Peru. 1844, 6, 147" {fide Baird). 



b. nanus. 



Turdus nanus, AuD., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 201, pi. 419 (name T. minor on plate). — At^d., B. 

 Am. iii, 1841, 32, pi. 147.— Gamb., Pr. A. N. S. i, 1843, 262; 1844, 14; 1846, 

 113 ; Journ. 1847, 41.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 213.— Scl., P. Z. S. 1859 ; Cat. 1862, 2.— 

 Heerm., p. R. R. Rep. x, 1«59, part vi, 45. — Bd., Rev. 1864, 15. — Coues, Pr. 

 Phila. Acad. 1866, 65.— Ridgw., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 129.— Dall & Bann., 

 Trans. Chic. Acad, i, la69, 275.— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 4. 



Turdus paJlusi var. nanus, Coues, Key, 1872, 72. 



"(?) Turdus aonaJaschka, Gm. — (f ?) Muscimpa guttata, Pall." (Baird). 



c. audubonii. 



Morula silens, Sws., Philos. Mag. i, 1827, 647, nee T. silens, V.— Sws., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 186.— 



Bd., B. N. a. 1858, 213, 922 (Fort Bridger).— Scl., P. Z. S. 1858, 325 (La Parada) ; 



1859, 325 (Oaxaca) ; Cat. 1862, 2. 

 Turdus auduionii, Bd., Rev. 1864, 16. — Ridgw., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1869, 129. — Sumich,, 



Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 542 (Vera Cruz, alpine region, resident). — Stevenson, 



U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 463.— Merriam, ibid. 1872, 

 Turdus imllasi var. audubonii, Coues, Key, 1872, 72. 



Hab. — The typical form ranges over the whole Eastern Province of North America; 

 and it appears that specimens from the Middle and Western Provinces also are fre- 

 quently indistinguishable. Also, Greenland, if Reinbardt's quotalion belongs to this 

 species. Breeds from New England northward ; winters abundantly in the Southern, 

 and occasionally in the Middle (TurnbuU) States. Var. nanus chiefly from the regions 

 west of the Rocky Mountains, but also accredited to Pennsylvania. Var. audubonii is 

 only (J noted from the Southern Rocky Mountain region, and thence southward on the 

 table-lauds of Mexico, where it is stated to be resident. 



This species was not noticed by either of the earlier expeditions. 



Later Expeditions. — var. audubonii, 60675, Uintah Mountains ; 59852, Middle Park, Col. 

 {Sehmidt ».t Stevenson). 



There is unquestionably but a single species of Hermit Thrush in 

 North America. It is impossible to draw any dividing line between the 

 so-called species, and, in fact, it is sufiflciently difiicult to predicate 

 varietal distinction. 



The Hermit Thrush is, upon the whole, a more northerly bird than any 

 of its allies; not that the Olive-backed Thrush may not pi\)ceed as far 

 north in sumuier, but the Hermit Thrush migrates earlier in the spring, 

 lingers northward later in the fall, and winters further north. 1 have 

 found no Central American (juotations. At Washington, 1). C, for in- 

 stance, an intermediate point, the Hermit Thrush arrives in the van of 

 the other three species, some time in March, becomes at once abuiulant, 

 and is seen through the following month ; it does not come back utitil- 



