120 PLECTROPIIANES LAPPONICUS, LAPLAND LONGSPU^l. 

 PLECTEOPHANES LAPPONICUS, (Liim.) Selby, 







Lnpl.iiul Longspur. 



FnnfjiUa lapponica, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 17G6, 317. — FonsT., Philos. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 404. 



Enibcriza lapponica, Nilss., 6rn. Lnec. i. 157. — Bp., Am. Oru. i, 53, pi. 13, f. 1. — Bp., Syn. 

 1828, 440.— NuTT., Man. i, 1832,' 463.— Aud., Orn. Biog. iv, 18J8, 473, pi. 365. 



Eniberiza {Flcctrophanes) lapponioa, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 248, pi. 48. 



Plectrophancs Japponica, Selby, Linn. Trans, xv, 156, pi. 1. — Bp., List, 1838, 36. — Aud , 

 Syn. 1839, 98; B. Am. iii, 1841, 50, pi. 152.— Gm., B. L. I. 1844, 99.— Bi)., B. N. 

 A. 1858, 433.— Wheat., Ohio Agric. Rep. 1860 (Ohio.)— Boaijdm., Pr. Bost. Soc. 

 ix, 1862, 126 (Calais, Me., in winter onlv, not common). — Vekk., Pr. E.ss. Inst, 

 iii, 158.— McIlwr., Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1866, 89 (Hamilton, C. VV., nntil May).— 

 CouES, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1868, 281.— Tuhnb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 42 (very rare, in 

 severe winters only). — Dall & Bann., Tr. Ciiic. Acad, i, 1869, 283* (Alaska, 

 ■breeding). — Mayn., Nat. Guide, 1870, 112 (Ipswich, Mass., with P. invalis and 

 E. alpcsiris). — Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 178 (but it does not appear to have ever 

 been found in California). — Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871, 115 (Minnesota, 

 until May, and j)robably breeds). — Finsch, Abh. Nat. iii, 1872, 54 (Alaska). — 

 CouES, Key, 1872, 1:33, fig. 81.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. i, 1874, 515, pi. 24, f. 7. 



Centroplianes lapponica, Kaup, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829.— Cab., Mus. Heiu. 1851, 

 127.— Allen, Pr. E,ss. Inst, iv, 1864, 84. 



Fringilla calcarata, Pallas., Itiu. ii, App. 710. 



Emheriza calcaraia, Temm., Man. 1815, 190. 



Plcctrophanes calcarata, Meyer, Tasch., Dents. 57.— BoiE, Isis, 1822, 554. 



Centroplianes calcaraia, Gray, List, Gen. of B., App. 1842, 11. 



Hab. — A species, like P. nivalis, of circumi^olar distribution ; in this country inhabits 

 all the arctic regions, coming south in winter to Philadelphia, Kentucky (Audubon), 

 Il\mois(Ridgwa!j), Kansas {Cooper), and Colorado (Trippc). Not yet observed in the 

 United States west of the Rocky Mountains. Not known to breed in the United States, 

 aud very rarely found in full plumage in the United States. 



List of specimens. 



The general southward extension of this species is seen from the above 

 remarks. Although included by Dr. Cooper in the Birds of California, 

 I do not know that it has ever been taken on the Pacific^ coa.st of tbe 

 United States, nor indeed anywhere west of the Eocky Mountains. Dr. 

 Hayden's specimens, above enumerated, probably represent the south- 

 westernmost record to date. 1 find no quotations for the Atlantic States 

 beyond Pennsylvania. It appears to extend furthest south in the inte- 

 rior; it was observed in large flocks in Kentucky by Audubon. Mr. 

 Trii)pe's notice is interesting as indictiting the probable breeding of the 

 bird in Minnesota. He says it comes there about the middle of Septem- 

 ber and remains until December, when it moves southward, and its place 

 is supplied by the Snow Bunting ; and that it is very abundant in South- 

 ern Iowa in the depth of winter and in early spring. He has since, 

 informed me that a large flock was seen by him in the Middle Park, 

 Colorado, in the latter part of October. Messrs. Dall aud Bannister 

 report it as very abundant in Alaska, where it arrives the second week 

 in May, and breeds. Both these writers attest its eminent musical abil- 

 ity. Collections of Messrs. Eoss, Kennicott, and others, now in the 

 Smithsonian, show that it is ver}^ abundant in summer in tbe vicinity of 

 Great Slave Lake and McKenzie's Eiver. The species enters the Mis- 

 souri region from the north early in October, according to my observa- 

 tions, but I have as yet found it nowhere abundant. 



Of two sets of eggs of the Lapland Lougspur before me, both col- 



