146 



SPIZELLA MONTICOLA, TREE SPARROW. 



SPIZELLA MONTICOLA, (Gin.) Bd. 



Canadian, or Tree Sparrow. 



Frhifjilla moniana, FoRST., Pliilos. Tr. Ixu, 1772, 405; not of Limueus. 



FrhujiUa monlirola, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 912. 



Sj)inites moiitico/iis, Cab., Mus. Hein. i, 1851, 134. 



Spizella montlcoJa, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 472. — Kennerly, P. R. R. Rep. x, 1859, iv, 29 

 (Colorado Chi(iuito, Arizona, December). — Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 

 1860, 203 (Fort Dalles, Jannary).— Coles, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 224 (Labrador, 

 snmiuer, abundant).— ScL., Cat. 186-5, 114. — Hayd., Rep. 1862, 107.— COUES & 

 Prent., Smiths. Rep. for 1861 (1862), 412 (Washington, D. C, Noveoiber to 

 April, very abundant). — Boardm., Fr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 127 (Calais, Me., iu 

 summer, common, breeding early). — Verr., ihkl. 138 (Anticosti, breeding). — 

 Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 151 (Norway, Me., spring and fall). — Allen, Pr. Ess. 

 Inst, iv, 1864, 72 (Springfield, Mass., October to May; also, breeding iu East- 

 ern Massachusetts in 1855 ; see Pr. Bost. Soc. v, 213*).— McIlwr., Pr. Ess. Inst. 

 V, 1866, 89 (Hamilton, C. W., winter, common, not known to breed).— Coues, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 87 (Arizona, .^fZe jSTcHHer/*/).— Coues, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 

 283.— Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii," 1868, 115 (South Carolina, November to 

 March).— Dall. & Banx., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1889, 285 (Alaska, breeding).— 

 TuRNB., B. E. Pa. 1869, 23 (October to April).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 205 (queried 

 as occurring in mouutaius of Califoruia). — Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 177 

 (Western Kansas, in winter). — Mayn., Guide, 1870, 119 (Massachusetts, early 

 November to late April).— Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871. — Aiken, IbkJ. 1872, 

 200 (Wyoming).— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 465.— Coues, Key, 1872, 

 142.— Snow, B. Kaus. 1873, 7.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 3, pi. 27, f. 5. 



Zonotrichia (SinzeUa) monilcola, Gray, Hand-list, No. 7:598. 



Passer canadcii>iis, Briss., Oru. iii, 1760, 102. 



FringiUu canadensis, Lath., lud. Orn. i, 1790, 434.— Bp., Svn. 1828, 109.— Nutt., Man. i, 

 1832, 495.— AuD., Orn. Biog. ii, 1834, 511 ; v, 1839, .504; pi. lo8.— Maxlm., J. f. O. 

 vi, 1858, 280. 



EmUriza canadensis, Sav. & Ricn., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 252.— AuD., Syn. 1839, 105.— AuD., B. 

 Am. iii, 1841, 83, pi. 160.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 107.— Putn., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856 

 210 (Essex County, Mass., October to May).— Trippe, Pr. Ess. lust, vi, 1871 

 (Minnesota, not very common ; not observed in summer). 



SpizeUa canadensis, Bp., List, 1838, 33 ; Cousp. Av. i, 1850, 480. 



FringiUa arhorea, WiLS., Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 12, pi. 16, fig. 3. 



Hah. — North America at large, excepting, probably, the Gulf States. Infrequent or 

 casual in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains. Winters high up on the 

 Missouri, and in corresponding latitudes eastward. Breeds north of the United States, 

 to high latitudes, but also, like the Snow-bird, iu mountains within our limits. 



List of specimens. 



Licutcnani TTarren^s Expediiion. — 4509, Cedar Island ; 4510, Medicine River. 

 Laier Expeditions. — 01028-31, 61153-62, various Wyoming localities. 



The movements of this interesting species, as well as its general dis- 

 tribntion, may be traced in the above qnotations. Its western records 

 are still meagre, bnt snfflcient to rei)resent its range in that qnarter; it 

 appears to be, like the Eastern Snow-bird, little if anything more than a 

 straggler west of the Hocky Monntains, some individuals apparentlj^ 

 straying southward in that direction from their breeding places in 

 Alaska. Eastward, the Tree Si)arrow is one of the most abundant 

 species, wintering in great profusion in the Middle States, Maryland, 

 and Virginia, and some reaching the Carolinas, beyond which it has not, 

 to my knowledge, been traced. It also winters as high as New England, 



* But this instance proves to be not authentic, the Chipping Sparrow having been 

 juistakeu lor the Tree Sparrow. See Samuels, Orn. aud 061. of New England, 318. 



