132 COTUENICULUS PASSERINUS. 



Cotunticulus passerinus, Bp., List, 1838, 32; Cousp. 1850, i, 481.— Cab., J. f. O. 1856,7 

 (Cuba).— Bd., B. N. a. 1858, 4.50.— ScL., P. Z. S. 1859, 379 (Oasaca).— Scl. & 

 Salv., Ibis, 1859, 18 (Guatemala).— Kenn., P. E. R. Rep. x, 1859, iv, 28 (Bill 

 "Williams' R., Arizona).— Hep:rm., P. R, R. Rep.x, 1859, vi, 49 ("abuudant").— 

 Hayd., Rep. 1862, 166.— Dkess., Ibis, 1865, 487 (Texas).— Coues, Pr. Pbila. 

 Acad. 1866, 84 (Arizona ; refers to Keuuei'ly). — Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 71 

 (Massacbusetts, May to September, breeding). — Coues, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 

 282 (New England, abundant, summer resident). — McIlwr., Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 

 1876, 89 (Hamilton, C. W., rare, in summer).— Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 

 126 (rare, in summer, from April). — Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1.58 (Maine, rare ; 

 quotes Boardman). — Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 287 (New York). — Coues 

 & Prent., Smiths. Rep. for 1861 (1862), 412 (Washington, D. C, abuudant, in 

 summer, April to October, breeding). — Coues, Pr, Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 116 

 (South Carolina, resident, common). — Sumich., Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1869, 552 

 (Vera Cruz, in winter). — Cab., J. f. O. viii, 411 (Costa Rica). — Lawr., Ann. Lye. 

 ix, 1868, 103 (Costa Rica).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 136, 177 (Kansas and 

 Utah).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 189.— Coues, Key, 1872, 137.— B. B. &R., N. A. B. 

 i, 1874, 553, pi. 25, f. 4. (Of the above, western references belong to next var.) 



Ammodromus passerinus, Gray, G. of B. ii, 373. — Woodh., Sitgr. Rei). 1853, 86 (very com- 

 mon in the Indian Territory, in Texas, and in some parts of New Mexico.) 



FruHjilla savamiarum, " Gm."— Nutt., Man. i, 1832, 494; iUd. 2d ed. 1, 1840, 570. — Pe.ib., 

 Rep. Birds Mass. 1839, 324. 



(?) FriiigiUa caudacuta, Lath., Ind. Oru. i, 1790, 459.— Nutt., Man. i, 1832, 505. 



Coturnwulus fixicrus, GossE, B. Jam. 1847, 242. — Bp., Consp. Av. 1850, 481.— SCL., P. Z. 

 S. 1861, 74 (Jamaica); Cat. A. B. 1862, 116. (Resident in Jamaica.) 



b. perpalUdus. 



Coturniculus passerinus var. perpallidus, Ridgw., Mss. — CouES, Key, 1872, 137 (pale 

 form, from dry, western regions). — B. B. & R., N. A. B. i, 1874, 556. 



Hah. — United States. Not on the Pacific coast ? Mexico. Cuba. Jamaica. Porto 

 Rico. South to Costa Rica and Guatemala. Var. perpallidus from the West. 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 8184, Shawnee Mission ; 8966-69-78, Loup Fork of 

 the Platte River. 



Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition. 



The earlier accounts of Nuttall, Townsend, and Audubon, mention the 

 Yellow-winged Sparrow as occurring on the Columbia. Although this 

 record has not been checked by later observations, what we now know 

 of the distribution of the species makes it appear most probably correct. 

 It is true that in the higher latitudes of the United States we have no 

 quotations from regions west of the Rocky Mountains ; but further 

 south the species is known to range across New Mexico and Arizona; 

 and Dr. Cooper states that Mr. Hepburn procured several specimens in 

 California. ]\Ir. Allen quotes Ogdeu, Utah. The pertinence of Audubon's 

 remark hence appears; '' Some of this species," he says, " on their way 

 from their unknown winter abode northward, pass toward the middle 

 and eastern districts of our Atlantic coast, while others diverge to reach 

 the Oregon section (in which this bird has been found by Mr. Towns- 

 end), passing over our Southern States unobserved, although when 

 proceeding toward the Texas, in April, 1837, I found them abundant 

 on their way eastward." 



This is a rather southerly bird, even more so than the Bay-winged 

 Bunting. I can find no record beyond the United States, excepting Mr. 

 Mcllwraith's, and his locality is south of some of the Maine quotations. 

 In the latter State, according to all observers, it is rare; I do not think 

 it is common north of the Connecticut Valley. It increases in numbers 

 southward, aud in the Middle States, Maryland, and Virginia, it is 

 very abundant, breeding in old, weedy fields. I found it in South 

 Carolina, at such various seasons, as to lead me to believe that it is 

 resident there. Its great abundance in the Platte country is attested 

 by Dr. Ilayden's numerous specimens. Mr. Allen found it " abundant 

 everywhere on the plains " of Kansas, and secured several nests with the 



