STERCORARIUS BUFFOXI, LONG-TAILED JAEGER. 615 



Degland (1838), and, following his authority, Schinz (1840) are both .synonyms of the 

 young of the present species, according to Deglaud's subsequent admission. 



The name cepphus has been applied to this species by very few writers, the principal 

 of which I have given in the synonymy. Those writers who use this name for the 

 present species apply to the long-tailed species either j)ar«S(7(ca, or loinjicauduta, or hiif- 

 foui. For the discussion of the names of those authors who thus interchange cepplius 

 and parasiticus, see remarks under head of buffoni. 



The Lestris parasitica of Temmiuck (1820) is a mixture of the present species and the 

 long-tailed one, as is shown by his list of authorities cited as well as by his descrip- 

 tion. This error Temminck soon afterward became aware of, and in subsequent editions 

 corrected by contradistinguishing the two species. The same combination probably 

 exists in Faber's description of his Lestris parasiticus, • 



In 1863 I indorsed the validity of S. richardsoui as different from parasiticus, but not 

 without hesitation, and I am now of opinion that it is inseparable. It is, it is true, 

 larger in all its parts, and the specimens I have examined have a longer and appar- 

 ently more rounded tail than usual, with broader rectrices; but with increased knowl- 

 edge of the range of individual variability in this genus, I scarcely think the name 

 tenable even as that of a variety. 



The name has been quite generally employed, especially by American writers, for the 

 true parasiticus (to which it belongs, but is of course antedated). How this came about 

 is readilj' explained. The two species of Jiigers — the Connuon and the Long-tailed— 

 were generally confounded by authors (except Brisson) down to a comparatively re- 

 cent date, or at least the two names ^^parasiticus" and ^'cepphus," were used indiscrim- 

 inately for either species by those even who recognized two. Thus, in 1820, Temmiuck, 

 then perhaps the best authority on the subject, gives but a single species, under the 

 name of ^' parasiticus, Briinnich," which, according to his description and synonymy, is 

 a combination of both. He soon after, however, became aware of his error, and 

 acknowledges it in le;40, saying that"comme notre article du Stercoraire parasita on 

 labbe, renferme * * * ]es synonymes de deux esp^ces destin(;tes * * * jj ggj 

 necessaire de refaire en totality toutes les indications," &c. But in the mean time 

 Swainsou's richardsoui had been described and figured, and Temminck, looking for a 

 name under which to present the Common Jiiger (for he considered the name '•para- 

 sitica" as referring to the Long-tailed species), adopted Swainson's appellation for it. 

 His example has been followed by Audubon and other American as well as by some 

 European writers. 



STERCORARIUS BUFFOI^I, (Boie) Cones. 



BuSTon's or the long-tailed Jaeger* 



Stercorariiis longicaudatus, Bkiss., Orn. vi, 1760, 155. — Vielll., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. 



xxxii, 1819, l.")7.— Dkgl., Orn. Eur. ii, 1«49, 298.— Selys-L., Fu. Belg. 1842, 



156.— SCHL., ilns. P.-B. iv, 1863, 49. 

 Lestris longicaudatus, Tuomps., N. H. Irel. iii, 1851, 399. 

 Cataractcs lonyccauda, }iLs.CGiJ.., Man. ii, 1842, 258. 

 Stercorarius longicauda, ^Kwr., Ibis, 18G5, .571. 

 (1) Catharacta cejjphus, Bhuxx., Orn. Bor. 1764, 3G. 

 Lestris cepphus, Kky.s. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 240.— Bp., Cat. Met. Ucc. 1842, 80; 



Rev. Crit. 1850, 202; Cousp. ii, 1856, 209.— Des Muks, Tr. Ool. 1860,551.— Blas., 



J. f 0. 1&65. 3d4. • 



Stercorarius cej)phus,Gu\Y, Geu. of B. iii, 1849, 653; List Br. B. 1863, 229.— Lawr., B. 



N. A. 185f<, 840.— COUE.S, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861. 243.— Schl., Mus. P.-B. iv, 1863, 



49.— BoAKDM., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 131.— Veku., Pr. Ess. lust, iii, lb62, liiO.— 



Ali.en, ibid, iv, 1864, 90. 

 (1) Larm jHirasiticus, Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 819. Uncertain. 

 Cataractcs parasitica, Pall., Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 310.— Maccml., Br. B. v, — . 

 Lestris parasitica, Tkmm., Man. Orn. iv, 1840, .502.— Lesson, Man. ii, 1823, 388 —Sw. &. 



Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1S31, 430.— Nurr , Man. ii. 1834, —.—Jen., Man. 1K55, 2d3.— 



EvT., Cat. lH3(i, 52.— Aui>., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 470; Syn. 1839, 333 ; B. Am. vii, 



l'^44, 192, pi. 4.52.-GIH., B. L. I. 1844, 364. 

 Lestris huffoui, Boie, " in Meyer's Tasch. iii, ISUI, '>12 ;" Isis, 1822, 562.— Br., Svn. 1828. 



No. 306; List, 1838,63.— K A LI', 8k. Ent. Eur. Thicrw. 18-J9, 47.— Less.! Tr.Orn. 



1831, (ilC.-SciiiNZ, Eur. Fn. i, 1840, 391.— Sciii.., R.v. Crit. 1844, 13"..— DeKav, 



N; Y. Zoo), ii, 1844, 315, pi. 133, f 291.— Midi.., Sib. lieise, ii, 1853. 241. 

 Stercorarius huffoui. Coles, Pr. J'hila. Acad. Ih;:'.. 136; l*r. Ess. Inst. v. iN'.s, :{(i.-); Rev, 



lh72, 309 ; Prybilov Isl. 1-^74, — . --MAL.%ni., .1. f. O. 186.5, 206.— Lawk., Ann. Lye. 



N. V. viii, 1-66, 299.— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 18(;9, 304. 

 Lestris cnpidatu, Bkeiim, Eur. Vog. 1823, 747; V. 1). 724.— Naim.. V. I), x. .534, pi. 274. 

 L«/*/((s/<«WH*,l)EGL., Mem. Acad. \{o\. Lille, lH38.—ScniN/., Eur, Fu. 1840,392. {I'ouiig., 

 "Lestris brachyrhyuchus, microrhgnchus, Bkeii.m." 



