626 LARUS ARGENTATUS, HERRING GULL. 



Larus argeniatns, Bp., Syn. 1828, 360, No. 300.— Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 304.— AuD., Orn. 

 ■i5i()<i. iii, \b^.^:^, .588 ; v, 183U, 638 ; pi. — ; Syn. 183<J, 3-J8 ; B. Am. vii, 1844, 1(33, 

 pi. 44».— DkKay, N. y Zool. ii, 1844, 306, pi. 122, f. 270 ; pi. 129, lig. 284 ; pi. 

 130, fig. 286.— GiH., B. L. 1. 1844,— .—Cab., J. f. O.v, 236 (Cuba).— Lawi; , B. N. 

 A. 1858, 844 ; Auu. Lye. vii, 275. — Reinh., Ibis, iii, 1861, 17 (Greenland, rare). — 

 CoUES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 18(U. 245.— Buy., Pr. Bost. Soc. viii, 1861, 72.— Wheat., 

 Ohio Agric. Rep. 1860, No. 266.— Boakdm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 131.— Verr., 

 Pr. Ess. lust, iii, 1862, 154.— Tui;NH., B. E. Pa. 1869, 38.— Dall & Bann., Tr. 

 Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 305.— ScL. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1871, 576.— Coues, Key, 1872, 312. 



(?) Larus americanus, Briie.m, V. D. 1831, 743 (= argentatoidcs, Bi:.). 



(?) Larus affiuh, Reinii., Vid. Med. 1853, 78 ; J. f. O. 1854, 433 ; Ibis, iii, 17 (Greenland). 



Larus smithsoiiianus, Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1862, 296. — Coues & Prent., Smiths. Rep. 

 1861, 418.— Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864,80.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 

 299.— Coues, Pr. E.ss. Inst, v, 1868, 306.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Aead. 1871, 39.— 

 GUNDL., Rep. Fn. Nat. i, 391 (Cuba). 



Larus argentatus var. smithsonianus, CouES, Check-list, 1874, 103, No. 547''. — Ridgw., 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 391 (Illinois). 



c, occidentalis. ' 



Larus occidentaUs, AuD., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 320; Syn. 1839, 328; B. Am. vii, 1844, 161.— 

 Lawr., B. N. A. 1858, 845.— Heerm., P. R. R. Rep. x, 1859, pt. vi, 73.— Coop. & 

 Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 271.— Elliot, B. N. A. ii, pi. 52.— Coues, Pr. A. N. 

 S. 1862, 296.— ScHL., Mus. P.-B. iv, 1863, Lari, p. 15.— (f ) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1863, 

 326 (China).— Blas., J. f. O. 1865, 379. 



Glaucus occidentaUs, BiiucH, J. f. O. 1853, 101, 



Laroides occidentalis, Bruch, J. f. O. 1855, 282. — Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 219. 



Larus argentatus var. occidentalis, Coues, Key, 1872, 312. • 



d. borealis. 



Larus boi'ealis, Brandt. — Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 305. — Bd., ibid. 324. 



Laroides borealis, Bp., Consp. Av. ii, 1856, 219. 



(1) Larus cachinnans, PALL.,Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 318. 



(1) Larus argentatus, Midd., Sib. Reise, ii, 242. — Radde, Reisen, ii, 1863, 383. 



(f) Larus argentatus var. cachinnans, Schrenk, Re.se, i, 504. 



e (?). leucoplucus. 



Larus argentatus, Bp., le. Fn. Ital. Ucc. 1832-41, p. — .— Cara, Omit. Sard. 1842, 172 

 (Sardinia).— Costa, Fn. Napoli, Ucc. 1857, 73.— Heugl., Svst. Uebers. 1855, 

 69.— ScHL., JIus. P.-B. iv, 1863, Lari, p. 17 (partim).— Blas', J. f. O. 1865, 380 

 (partim). — Hume, Lahore to Yarkand, 1873, 299; Stray Feathers, 1873, 270 

 (Kashmir and Scinde). 

 Laroides argentatus, Bp., Cat. Met. Ucc. 1842, 79 (partim). 

 Larus cachinnans, '-Pall." — Muhle, Orn. Griech. 1842, 143 (Greece; nee Pall.) — Meves, 



Ofv. K. Vet. Ak. Forh. 1871, 786 (Cholmogory). 

 Glaucus leucoi)hwus, ("Light.") — Brucii., J. f. O. 1853, 101 (Red Sea). 

 Larus leucophaius, 'Liciw., Noni. Av. Mus. Berol. 1853, 99 (Arabia; descr. nulla). — Bp., 

 R. M. Z. 1855, 16.— Salvad., Cat. Ucc. Sardegna, 1864, 129. — Finsch «fe Hautl., 

 Vog. Ost.-Afr. 1870, 818.— Dress., B. Eur. pt. — , pi. — . 

 Laroides leucophanis, Bp., Naum. 1854, 212; C. Rend, xlii, 1856, 644 ; Consp. ii, 1856,219. 

 Glaucus michahellesii, Bruch, J. f. O. 1853, 101. 

 Larus michahellesii, Bp., R. M. Z. J 855, 16. 



Laroides michahellesii, Bruch, J. f. 0. 1855, 282. — Bp., Compt. Rend, xlii, 1856, 644 ; Consp. 

 ii, 1856, 219. 

 Note. — The foregoing synonymy includes the several races of this species I con- 

 sider it necessary to adopt. 1 bring L. leucophccus into this connection with some hesi- 

 tation, but I do not observe any ascribed characters which may not be accounted for 

 upon a supposition of merely varietal distinction. As, however, I have had no oppor- 

 tunity of studying this supposed species satisfactorily, my present view must be 

 regarded as tentative. Most of its synonymy is adapted from Mr. Dresser's work, as 

 prepared by Lord Walden. Without further reference to this form or to typical argen- 

 tatus of Europe, I proceed to consider the North American representative : 



Var. SMITHSONIANUS, Coues. 



DiAG. L. argentato vera simillimus, sed major, alls cauddque longiorihus, rostro pedibusque 

 validioribus, remiqe primo swpius macula alba subapicali, 7'ariii8 late albo-terminato. T^ong. 

 25,.00 2)oll. ala, 18.00; rostr. 2.25; tars. 2.50. 



Hab. — North America, generally ; especially along the Atlantic coast. Cuba to La- 

 brador; breeding from New England northward. Alsj in the interior, and occasion- 

 ally on the Pacific coast. 



