582 (EDEMIA PERSPICILLATA, SURF DUCK. 



OiJf/n Jrt/M,9Cffl,FLEM., Phil, of Zool. ii, 1823, 260.— Steph., Gen. Zool. xii, pt. ii, 216.— 

 Flem., Br. Au. 1828, 119.— Jen., Man. 1835, 239.— Bp., List, 1838, 57.— Eyt., 

 Cat. Br. B. 58.— Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Enr. 1840, 86.— Maggie., Man. ii, 1842, 

 180.— Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 625 ; List Br. B. 1863, 206. 



Anas fiiligiuosa, Bkciist., Natur;^. iv, 962, pi. 36. 



Anas c«»-?)o, Pall., Zbog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 244. 



MeJaniifa Jiornschuchii, megapus, platyrhynchus, Brehm, V. D. 904, 906, 907. 



L.(?) velvetina. 



Anas fusca, W11.S., Am. Orn. viii, 1814, 137, pi. 72. 



Anas (FuUgula) fiisca, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 266. 



FaUgida {didmiia) fitsca, Bp., Syn. 1828, 390.— Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 419. 



Oidemiafitsca, Sw. & Rich., ii, 1831, 449.— Turnb.. B. E. Pa. 1869, 37.— Coxjes, Key. 294. 



Fidigitla fusca, Aud., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 454, pi. 247 ; Syn. 1639, 280; B. Am. vi, 1843, 



332, pi. 401.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, — .— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 328. 

 Fidignla himacvJata, Herbert, Field Sports, 2d ed. ii, 1848, 366, fig. — (immatnre). 

 Oidemia (Pelionetta) bimaculata, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 808. 



Oidemia velvetina, Cass., Pr. Phiia. Acad, v, 1850. 126.— Finsch, Abb. Nat. iii, 1872, 68. 

 Mdanetta velvetina, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 805.— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wasb. Ter. 1860, 



262.— CoUES, Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1861, 239.— Wheat., Ohio Agric. Rep. 1860, No. 



258 (Lake Erie). — Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 153. — Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. 



ix, 1862, 130.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 297.— Coues, Pr. Ess. lust, v, 



1868, 200.— Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 125.— Dale & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad. 



1869, 300.— RiDGW., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 390 (Lake Michigan). 

 Oidemia deglandii, Bp., Rev. Crit. Degland, 1850, 108 ; Compt. Rend. 1854. 

 Melanetta deglandii, Bp., Compt. Rend. Sept. 1856. 



Hal). — Europe and America, chiefly maritime, but also on the inland waters. The 

 assigned characters of the American bird are very slight, certainly not warranting spe- 

 cific distinction, and scarcely aff'ording grounds for varietal recognition. 



(Edemia PERSPICILLATA, {Linn.) Stepli. 



a. perspicillata. 



Anas perspicillata, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 201. — Foest., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 417. — 



Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 524.— Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 847.— Wils., Am. Orn. 



viii, 1814, 49, pi. 67.— Temm., Man. Orn. ii, 1835, 853; iv, 1840, 542.— Vieill., 



Ency. Meth. i, 1823, 138.— Naum., V. D. xii, 1844, 140, pi. 314.— Schl., Rev. Crit. 



Ois. Eur. 1844, 117. 



Anas {Fuligiila) perspicillata, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 265. 



Anas {Macrorhamplius) perspicillata, Less., Man. ii, 1828, 414. 



Fuligiila {Oidemia) perspicillata, Bp., Syn. 1828, 389. — Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 416. 



Melanitta pei-spicillata, Boie, Isis, 1822, 564.— Eyt., Mon. Auat. 1838, 146. 



Platypns perspidllatus, Brehm, Eur. Vog. 1823, 823. 



Oidemia perspicillata, Steph., Gen. Zool. xii, pt. ii, 1824, 219. — Flem., Br. An. 1828, 

 119.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 449.— Jen., Man, 1835, 240.— Sw., Classif. 

 B. ii, 1837, 368.— Bp., List, 1838, 57.— Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 86.— 

 Macgil., Man. ii, 1842, 181.— Gray, List B. Br. Mus. 1844, 141 ; Gen. of B. iii, 

 1849, 625 ; List Br. B. 1863, 207.— Gosse, B. Jam. 1847, 408.— Newb., P. R. R. 

 Rep. vi, 1857, 104.— Cass., Orn. U. S. Expl. Exp. 1858, 344.— Murr., Edinb. N. 

 Phil. Journ. 1859, 230.— Reinh., Ibis, 1861, 14.— Degl.-Gerbe, Orn. Eur. 1867, 

 563.— Turnb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 37.— Newt., P. Z. S. 1867, 167 (egg).— Coues, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. 1871, 27.— Hart., Br. B. 1872, 162 (Great Britain, many in- 

 stances). — Coues, Key, 1872, 294. 



Pelionetta perspicillata, Kaup, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 107. — Reich., Syst. Av. 1852, 

 X.— Bp., Compt. Rend. Sept. 1856.— Bd., B. N. A. 185S, 606.— Coop. & Suck.,N. 

 H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 262.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 239 ; Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 

 1868, 200; Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 125.— Ross, Canad. Nat. 1862.— Verr., Pr. 

 Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 1.53.— Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 130.— Blak., Ibis, 

 1863, 149.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 297.- Brown, Ibis, 1868, 426.— 

 Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 300. 



Fuligula perspicillata, Aud., Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 161, pi. 317 ; Syn. 1839, 289 ; B. Am. vi, 

 1843, 337, pi. 402.— Selys-L., Fn. Belg. i, 1842, 143.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 

 335.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 329.— Degl., Orn. Eur. ii, 1849, 474. 



b. trowhridgei. 



Pelionetta trowbridgii, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 806.— Elliot, B. N. A. pi. — . 

 (Edemia perspicillata var. trowhridgei, Coues, Key, 1872, 295. 



Hal). — North America, coastwise. Jamaica. Europe, rare: Gould, B. Eur. pi. 377 ; 

 RoDD, Zool. 1865, p. 9794. Var. trowhridgei on the coast of California. 



