GRACULUS DILOPHUS, DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT. 587 



heap of earth scraped up to the height of a few inches. He has also 

 shown that the curious horny comb or crest of the bill, being deciduous, 

 is regularly shed in a manner somewhat analogous to the casting of 

 deers' horns. The breeding range of the species is very extensive, ap- 

 parently determined less by latitude than by the occurrence of suitable 

 l)laces anywhere within the general range of the species. I have not 

 noted any breeding resorts within the Missouri region, though doubtless 

 there are such. The large numbers of Pelicans I observed, however, in 

 I^orthern Dakota, at various times in the summer, leads me to presume 

 that they nest in that region, especially about the Lake Eiver, a short 

 expansive affluent of the Mouse Eiver, more like a great prairie slough 

 than an ordinary river. In May, 1873, 1 took a female on the Eed Eiver, 

 near Pembina; the specimen was in very poor flesh, with worn, harsh 

 l^lumage, which was attributable to a disease of the pouch. On the in- 

 side of this organ were fastened in clusters great numbers of a louse- 

 like parasite, which produced an induration, ulceration, and, finally, 

 perforation of the membrane in several places, so that the bird must 

 have had difficulty in feeding. The intestines were loaded with some 

 kind of ascarides. In the stomach were found about fifty crawfish 

 (Astucus). 



Family PHALACROCOEACID^ : Cormorants. 



GEACULUS DILOPHUS, (Sw.) Gray. 

 Double-crested Cormorant; Shag, 



a. dilophus. 



Pelecanun (Cario) dilojiTius, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 473. 



Carbo ditopJi an, Gamh., Jouru. Phila. Acad, i, 1849, 227. 



Phalacrocorax dihuihua, 'Nvtt., Man. ii, 1834, 483. — Bp., List, 1838, 60.— At'D., Orn. Biog. 

 iii, 183.5, 420 ; v, 1839, 629 ; pi. 257 ; Svn. 1839, 302 ; B. A. vi. 1844, 423, pi. 416.— 

 Gn?., B. L. I. 1844, 344.— Bd., Stansbury's Rep. 1852, 324 (Great Salt Lake).— 

 PuTX., Pr. Ess. lust, i, 1856, 221.— Bry., Pr. Bost. Soc. viii, 1861, 71 (Gulf of 

 Saiut Lawrence, breecliu}^). — Tukxb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 38 (wiuter, rare). 



GracuJus dilophus, Gray, Gen. of 15. iii, 1849, — . — Bp., Consp. Av. ii, 1855, 172; Compt. 

 Rend. 1856, 766.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 877 ; Pr. Phila. Acad. Nov. 1859 (Cape 

 Saiut Lucas).— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 267.— Coues, Pr. Phila. 

 Acad. 1861, 241 (Labrador); 1866, 100 (California); 1871, 38 (North Carolina, 

 common in winter). — Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 130 (Maiue, in winter). — 

 Coues, ibid, xii, 1868, 126 (South Carolina, iu winter). — Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, 

 iv, 1864, 89 (New Enjrland coast, iu winter).— Veiu:., ibid, iii, 1862, 160 (the 

 same). — CouES, ibid, v, 1868, 302 (the same). — La\vi{., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 

 298.— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 302 (Alaska).— Allkn, Bull. M. C. 

 Z. iii, 1872, 183 (Great Salt Lake). — Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 11 (migratory). — 

 CouES, Key, 1872, 303.— Ridgw., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 390 (Illiuois). 



Phalacrocorax Jhridanus, Maxiaf., J. f. 0. vii, 1859, 260 (Missouri). 



Graculun Jloridanus, McIlwk., Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871, 95 (Canada,). 



b. floridanus. 



Phalacrocorax 1lorid(niuH,kvv>.,Ovr\. Biog. iii, 1835, 387; v, 1839, 632; pi. 251 ; Sj'U. 1839, 



303; B. Am. vi, 1843, 430, pi. 417. 

 GracuhiH floridannx, Bi'., Cousj). Av. ii, 18.")5, 172; Compt. Rend. Ixii, 1856, 766.— Lawr., 



B. N. A. lH.-,8, 879.— Bp.v., Pr. Bost. Soc. vii, 1859.— ScnL., Mus. I'.-B. livr. iv, 



1H63, 23 (in part; inchidfs mcricanus and " towiiscndii ")—Ai.i.KS, Bull. M. C. Z. 



ii, 1871, 365.— CoUEs, I'r. I'liila. Acad. 1871, 38(uorth to North Carolina). 

 GracuhiH dilophun, (Jrav, (Jen. of Ii. iii (in i)art). 

 GrnculuH dilophus var. floridauut, CoUES, Key, 1872, 303. — RiDGW., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 



1874, 390 (Illinois). 

 Phalacrocorax bra»ilicuiiiD, Bp., Comp. List, 1838,60. (Whether of authors? If fouud 



