Go8 LAKUS CANUS VAR. BRACHYRHYNCHUS, MEW GULL. 



Bonaparte, in liis Synopsis, presents the species under tbe name of " L. canus Linnanis." 

 The descrijjtion is tiiat of au immature bird, in which tbe primaries have not yet at- 

 tained their white tips. Tbe measurement, "tarsus a little more than two inches," 

 excludes the hrmhyrhptehufi Richardson, to which the description nii<rht otherwise ap])ly. 



The species was dehnitely characterized by Richardson in 18:51, under tbe name 

 zoriorliyiichufi, and separated from the hrachijrhiirichus of that author. This name was in 

 almost universal employ, until Mr. Lawrence showed that it had not rightfnl priority. 

 But authors have greatly en-ed in assigning as synonyms of this species canus aud 

 hrachi/rlniiichui: of Richardson, the former being the adult and tbe latter the young of 

 a very different species. Neither is this species the "i. ecmus from North America of 

 authors," as stated by Bonaparte, which citation is only referable to the succeeding 

 species. A fuller elucidatiou of these names will be fouud under head oi L-hrachyrhtinchus. 



The Eiug-billed Gull is more generally distributed throwghout the 

 interior than the Herring Gull, occurring on the larger waters of the 

 Missouri region, and elsewhere. It migrates through the interior, up 

 the Mississippi, as well as along the coast. Prof. Snow does not give it 

 in his Kansas List, but in my copy received from him I find a penciled 

 note of its occurrence at Lawrence in April, 1873. This was the Gull 

 I ofteuest observed in Northern Dakota ; I fouud it in large numbers in 

 September, on Lake Eiver, a tributary of the Soiiris: and again in Sep- 

 tember of the following year on tbe Upper Missouri, in company with 

 Herring Gulls. They were mostly young birds, apparently hatched not 

 far off. Along the Atlantic coast I have traced the bird from Labrador 

 to the Carolinas, finding it numerous in the former locality in summer, 

 with Herrings and Black-backs. It winters abundantly on the coast of 

 the Middle States ; 1 saw it constantly during two winters over the har- 

 bor of Baltimore, where it flies among the shipping v^'ith Bonaparte's 

 Gull and several kinds of Terns. 



LARUS CANUS var. BRACHYRHYNCHUS, (Rich.) Coues. 



American Mew Gall. 



a. canus. 



Larus canus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 224. — Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 596.— Lath., lad. 

 Orn. ii, 1790, 815.— Temm., Man. 1815, 499.— Leach, Cat. 1816, 40.— Boie, Isis, 

 1822, 563.— Steph., Gen. Zool. xiii, 1826, 198.— Flem., Br. An. 1828, 140.— Jen., 

 Man. 1835, 275.— Eyt., Cat. 1836, 52.— Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Enr. 1840, 96.— 

 Naum., V. D. X, 1840, 301, pi. 261.— Macgil., Man. ii, 1842, 248.— Schl., Rev. 

 Crit. 1844, 125.— Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 223.— Sciil., Mus. P.-B. iv, 1863, Lari, p. 

 23.— Gray, List Br. B. 1863, 233.— Blas., J. f. O. 1865, 380.— Sharpe & Dress., 

 B. Eur. pt. xvii, Apr. 1873. 



Laroides canus, Brehm, V. D. 1831, 751. 



Gavina cana et Glaucus canus, Bruch. 



Larus cinereus, Scop., Ann. Hist. Nat. i, 1768, 80. 



Larus hybernus, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 596 (Gavia hyierna, Briss., Orn. 1760, 189, pi. 16, 

 f. 2).— Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 654.— Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 223. 



Larus cyanorhynchus, Mey. & Wolf, Tasch. ii, 1810, 480. 



"Larus cyanopus, Bechst." 



Larus jn-ocellosus {partim), Bechst., Orn. Tasch. 1802, 373 ; Naturg. Deut. iv, 647. 



Laroides jyroceUosus, Brehm, V. D. 1831, 750. 



Laroides canescens, Brehm, V. D. 1831, 753. 



b. niveus. 



Larus niveus, Pall., Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 320, pi. 76.— Bp., Consp. ii, 18.56, 224. 



Larus canus var. major, Midd., Sib. Reise, ii, 1853, 243, pi. 24, f. 4. — Schl., Mua. P.-B. iv, 



1863, Lari, p. 26. 

 Larus heinci, Homeyer, Naura. 1853, 129. 

 " Gavina hcinii, Bruch, J. f. O. 1855, 283 (partim)." 

 Larus canus, Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 223 (partim). — SciiR., Reise, 511. 

 La^'ufi kamtschatkensis, Bp., R. and M. Z. vii, 1855, 16. 

 Qavina citrirostris, Bruch, {partim). 



