LARUS HEERMANNI, WHITE-HEADED GULL. 643 



As just stated, I have not seen the tTnefuJirihiosus Gonld from tlie Galapagos. Sclater 

 and Salvin describe the adult as "nearly uniform cinereous, with a well-marked black- 

 ish hood ; the wing-primaries black; the tail cinereous, like the body, with the upper 

 coverts grayish-white and the under coverts still paler ; the legs and feet black ; the 

 bill black, with the point of the upper mandible reddish." These features are strongly 

 at variance with those of heennaiDH or belcheri. The young ftdigiiiosiis is stated to be 

 "uniform brown, A-ery similar to the corresponding stage of L. hcennaniii, but immedi- 

 ately recognizable by its much stouter bill." 



Nor have I seen the L. scoreshyi (=z hwmaforh iiDchus Kiug), from Chilce and southward, 

 which the authors mentioned place iu a different genus Leiicojjhwtis, on account of the 

 singular short, stout, obtuse and curiously wrinkled bill. It is stated to have a brown 

 hood, when young, like L. helcheri, but to lose this when old. I should not be surprised 

 if L. helchtri tiually lost this hood, and in fact I consider the indicatious to be that way ; 

 but this would not invalidate its specific characters. 



A lifth species of this group is the L. modcsttis of Tschudi (=bricl(jcsi Eraser), from 

 Peru and Chili. Of this I have before me a good example. No. 31977, from Cbili, the 

 basis of Mr. Cassin's notice in Gillis's U. S. Astrou. Exped. p. 205. This is a "white- 

 headed" Gull, with a general superficial resemblance to heermanni, though perfectly 

 distinct, as it also is, according to Sclater and Salvin, who examined the type of 

 " hridgesi," from Z. ftdiguwsus. The head is white, shading into the clear, light plumbe- 

 ous of the whole body (much lighter than in heermanni), and nearly uniform above and 

 below. The tail and its coverts are like the body, with a rather narrow and not sharply- 

 marked subterminal black bar. The primaries are black, with the iuuermost whitish 

 tipped, and the secondaries are broadly white tipped. The bill aud feet are wholly 

 reddish-black. The bill is different iu sbape from that of any of the species here dis- 

 cussed, being much compressed, very slender, less deep at angle than at base, with an 

 attenualed, decurved, and acute tip, bringing the point dowu to the level of the gony- 

 deal angle. This is very peculiar, and reuiinds oue of the shape in Choccocephahis atri- 

 cilla or Iiissatrhkictyla. Wing, 13 ; tail, 5 ; tarsus, 1.95; middle toe and claw, decidedly 

 less ; bill along culmeu, 1.75 ; depth at base, 0.50 ; at angle, 0.40. 



The following determinations, it will be observed, of the five species discussed, are 

 substantially the same as those of Messrs. Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S. 1871, 573 et scq. 



1. L. MODESTUS, Tschudi, Wieg. Arch. 1843, 389; En. Peru. 306, pi. 35.— Z. hridgesi, Eras., 



P. Z. S. 1845, 16 ; Zool. Typ. pi. 69; Cass., U. S. Naval Exp. 205.— Blasipiis iridgesi, 

 Bp., R. Z. 1855, 21 ; Consp. ii, 212. 



Hab.—Fevu; Chili. 



2. L. i-ULiGixosus, Gould, Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii, 141 ; Scl. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1870, 323 ; 



1871, 573 (not of Cassin, 1858). — Leucophwusfuliginosus, Bp. , Consp. ii, 232 ; Comptes 

 Rendus, 1856, 771. — " Adelarus neptunus, Bp." 



Hab. — Galapagos. • 



3. L. iiKEinrANNi, Cassin, as above. 



Hah. — Pacific coast of America to British Columbia. Panama. 



4. L. HELCHERI, Vigors, Zool. Jouru. iv, 1829, 358; Beechey's Voy. 39; Scl. «fc Salv., 



P. Z. S. 1867, 991 ; 1871, 575 (not of CouES, Key, 1872, which =hevrmanni) ; Schleg., 

 Mus. P.-B., Lari, p. 9 {partim; excl. syn. heermanni et fuliginosus). — Adelarus 

 belcheri, BiJUCH, J. f. 0. 1853, 107 ; 1855, 279. — Leucopha'us helcheri, Bp., Consp. ii, 

 232 ; Comptes Rendus, 1856, 771 ((piotes Bp., Rev. Zool. 18.55, 20 ; Naum., 1854, 



17). — Larus '^hwrnatorhi/nchus, KiNi;," Peale, U. S. Exi)1. Exped. 1848, {nee 



King; teslibus speec. ipsis). — Larus ^'fuliginosus, GovJ.v," Cass., V. S. Expl. Exped. 

 1858, 378) nee GovJA) ; teslibus spetc. ipsis). — Larus frobeeni, Pii. & Landb., Wieg. 

 Arch. 1861, 292 ; Cat. Av. Chil. 48 {fide S. &. S.). 

 Hab. — Peru to Straits of Magellan. 



5. L. SCORES15VI, Traill Mem. Wern. Soc. iv, 1823, 514 ; Pelz., Orn. Nov. Exp. 151 ; 



AuiJorr, Ibis, 18()1, 165 ; Scl., P. Z. S. l'^60, :\dl.—Leucophaus seonsbii, Blas., J. f. O. 

 1865, 378; Scl. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1871, 579.— Larus ha-matorhiinchus, King, Zool. 

 Journ. iv, 1828, 10.*;; Jakd. & Selisv, 111. Orn. pi. 106; Dahw., Voy. Beagle, iii, 

 142 (not of Peale, 1848, which =^f/c/ifi). — Leucophaus hamatorhynehus, Buucn, 

 .J. f. O. 1853, 108 ; 1855, 287. 



Hab. — Chike. I'atagouia. Falklands. 



tSiihycnus Kiss A, Leach. 



<^Larus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1758. {(irag.) 



= Garia, I'lOiE, Isis, 1822, 563. 



= Iiissa, Leach, Stephen's Gen. Zool. xiii, 1825, IHO {Larus rissa, BkOnn). 



= Cheimonea, Kaiip, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thicirw. 1829, 84 (samo type). 



=z Puloeondora, Reichknuach. {Up.) 



Gen. char. Of medium size. Bill rather short, stout, aud littlo compressed at the 



