450 CHARADEIUS FULVUS VAR. VIRGINICUS. 



Charadrius 2)hiviaU8, Horsf., Linn. Tr. xiii, 1822, 187.— Peale, U. S. Expl. Ex. 1848, 239. 



Charadnus xanthocheUus, Wagl., S. A. 1827.— Gould, B. A. vi, pi. 13.— Cass., Expl. Ex. 325. 



PluviuUs xanthochcilns, Bp., C. R. 1856, 417. 



Charadrius iaiteusis, Less., Man. li, 1828, 321. 



Plui-ialis iaiti'nsis,'Bp., C. R. 1856, 417. 



Charadrius virfjimanus, Jard. & Selu., III. ii, p]. 85. — Hartl., Wieg. Arch. 1852, 134. 



Charadrius glaucopus, FoKST., Descr. An. ed. Licht. 1844, 176. 



Charadrius virginicus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. 1849, 262. 



Charadrius longipes, "Temim., Mus. Lugdun." 



Phivialis loucjipes, Bp., C. R. 1856, 417. 



Charadrius auratus orientals, Temm. & Schl., Fn. Japon. pl. 62. 



Charadrius auratus, Sciirenck, Eeise Amur, 1860, 410. 



b. mrginicus. 



Charadrius domimcus, Muller, Syst. Nat. 1776, 116.— Cass., Pr. Pliila. Acad. 1864, 241. 

 Charadrius 2}luvialis,WihS. , Am. Oru. vii, 1813, 71, pl. 59, f. 5. — Sab., Suppl. Pa^T^'s Ist 

 • Voy. p. cxcix; Frank. Jouru. 683.— Bp., Syn. 1828, No. 220.— Sw. & Rich., F. 



B. A. ii, 1831, 369.— NuTT., Man. ii, 1834, 16.— AuD., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 623; 



not of Linnccus, nor of European writers. 

 Charadriiis pluvialis var. virgi'nicus, Ridgw., Ann. Lye. s, 1874, 383. 

 Charadrius virginicus, "Boric, Mus. Berol." — Light., Verzeicbniss, 1823. No. 729. — 



Meyen, Nova Acta K. C. L. Acad, xvi, Suppl. 1834, 106, pl. 18.— Newb., P. R. 



R. Rep.'vi, 1857, 97.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 690.— Coop. & Sucic, N. H. Wash. 



Ter. 1860, 229.— Hayd., Rep. 1862, 173.— Dress., Ibis, 1866, 33 (Texas).- Dall 



& Bann., Tr. Cbic. Acad, i, 1869, 289.— Reinh., B. of Greenland, 9, No. 40 {cf. 



Comptes Reudus, xliii, p. 1019).— Stev., Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 465, 



No. 96.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 9, No. 207.— Trippe, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv, 1872, 



240 ; and of nearly all the late local lists. — (See Hart,, P. Z.S. 1871, 116 ; critical.) 

 Fluvialis virginicus, Bp., C. R. 1856, 417. 

 Charadrius marmoratus, Wagl., Syr^t. Av. 1827, No. 42. — AuD., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, .575, 



pl. 300 ; Syn. 1839, 222 ; B. Am. v, 1842, 203, pl. 316.— Putn., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 



1856, 216. 

 (?) Charadrius pectoralis, Vieill., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxvii, 1819, 145. 

 Fluvialis fulvus amerivanus, SCWL., M. P.-B. 1865, Cursores, 53. 

 Charadrius fulvus var. virginicus, COUES, Key, 1872, 243, fig. 155. 



Extralimital quofatious. — Cab., J. f. O. iv, 1856, 432 (Cuba). — Newt., Ibis, i, 1859, 

 255 (Santa Cruz).— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1864, 99 (Sombrero).— Sund., OtV. Vet. 

 Ak. 1869, 588 (St. Bartholomew).— Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, 587 (Trinidad).— Scl., Ibis, 

 1859, 227 (Guatemala).- BuKM., Reise, 501 (La Plata).- Darw., Voy. Beagle, 126. — 

 Scl. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1866, 567 (Ucayali) ; 1867, 331 (Chili) ; 1869, 598 (Peru).— Lawr., 

 Ann. Lye. ix, 1868, 141 (Costa Rica).— Philippi, Cat. 69 (Chili).— Pelz., Orn. Bras. 297 

 (Brazil).— Reinh., Vid. Med. Nat. For. 1870, 34 (Brazil). 



Hal). — Var. fulvus, Asia and Pacific regions generally. Prybilov Islands (Elliot). 

 Var. virginicus, all of North America. Greenland. Accidental in Europe. (Heligoland, 

 Mus. GiBtk6,Jide Blasius, List B. Eur. 1862, 17.) 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 4551, 5425, at and near Saint Pierre ; 5426, Fort 

 Berthold ; 5427, " Nebraska." 



Later Expeditions.— 61100-2, Camp Dawes, on Rock Creek, Wyoming. 



Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition. 



Presenting the extensive and somewhat intricate synonymy of the 

 tyincaX fulvus * I also give the principal relerences to the North Ameri- 

 can variety. Our Golden Plover is distinct from that of Europe, C. 

 apricarius ov 2)1 av kills of authors, to both of which it has been referred ; 

 for, although very similar, it may always be distinguished by the color 



*I have at length the pleasure of announcing the true Ch. fulvus as an inhabitant 

 of North America, a specimen having been lately transmitted to the Smithsonian from 

 the Prybilov Islands, collected May 2, 1873, on Saint Paul Island, by Mr. H. W. Elliot, 

 who has so ably elucidated the birds of that group of the Aleutians. Examining this 

 specimen, I was at once struck with a peculiarity of its general api)earauce, and on 

 comparing it with Chinese, Japanese, Fiji Island, and other specimens in the National 

 Museum, I found it to be identical. It is smaller than var. virginicus — length, about 

 9.50; wing, 6.40; tail, 2.60; tarsus, 1.60; middle too and claw, 1.10; culmen, 0.95. 

 There is a yellowish suffusion about the head, and especiallj^ along the supraciliary 

 stripe, hardly to be noticed in the ordinary North An)erican bird in corresponding 

 plumage. (Cf. Coues, Elliot's Prybilov Lslauds, App. 1873, p. — .) 



