GRALLATOPiES: 



ORDEE VjllAUUlil Uill^O . WADING BIRDS. 



LIMICOL.^: 



SUBORDER JLi i in i \J U JJ ilj . SHORE BIRDS. 



These two groups, represented by a great variety of forms, are sufificiently defined 

 for our present purposes in the Key, p. 239. The Umicolcc,, or Shore Birds (as distin- 

 guished from the other two groujis of the order, Hcrodiones, or the Herons and their 

 allies, and Alectorides, or the Cranes, Rails, and their allies), comprehend all kinds of 

 Plover, Snipe, Woodcock, and birds collectively known as " Bay Snipe," as well as 

 Phalaropes, Avocets, Stilts, Turnstones, and Oyster-catchers. 



Family CHARADRIID^ : Plover. 



Subfamily Charadriin^ : Tnie Plover. 



Besi'des the birds properly so called, several others are loosely designated as Plovers 

 by unscientific experts in ornithology. The principal of these is the so-called " Upland 

 Plover," which is a true Tattler of the family ScoJopacidie, its proper name being the 

 Bartramian Tattler {Actititrus hartramins) — see under this head. Our true Plover may be 

 recognized by the shortness and stoutness of the bill, as compared with this member 

 in the Scolojmddw, and especially by having only three toes. The only American excep- 

 tions to this last statement are the Black-bellied Plover, or Bull-head (Sqiiatarola 

 helvelica), in which there is a rudimentary hind toe, and the curious Surf Bird of the 

 Pacific coast {Aphrisa virgata), in which the hind toe is as well developed as is usual in 

 the Scolopacida; (where perhaps it belongs). The only three-toed American bird of the 

 family Scolopavidw is the Stilt {Hbnanioinis nigricollis). 



SQUATAROLA HELVETK^A, (Linn.) Brehra. 

 Black-bellied Plover. 



Tringa helvetica, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, '250 (based on Vmelhis helveficus of Briss., v, 

 108, pi. 10, f. 1).-^F0KST., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 412 ; PI. Enlum. 853, 854, 923. 



SquataroJa helvetica, Buehm, V. D. 554.— Bp., Conip. List, 1838, 46; K. & B., Wirb. 

 Eur. 207.— Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 543; and of most late authors.— Cass., Pr. 

 Phila. Acad. 1858, 195 (Japan); ihid. 1860, 195 (Carthageua).— Caij., J. f. O. iv, 

 18.56, 423 (Cuba).— Bky., Pr. Bost. Soc. vii, 1859 (Bahamas).— Reinii., Ibis, iii, 

 1861, 9 (Greenland).— Dress., Ibis, 1866, 34 (Texas).— Salv., Ibis, 1866, 196 

 (Guatemala).- L\WR., Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix, 210 (Yucatan).— Pei.z., Orn. Braz. 

 iii, 296 (Brazil).— Bd, B. N. A. 1858, 697.— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 

 1860, 232.— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 290.— Coues, Key, 1872, 243, 

 fig. 154.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 10, No. 212 (Kansas).— Ghay, Hand-list, iii, 

 1871, Nos. 9980, 9981.— Sh. & Dkess., B. E. pt. vi, Aug. 1871. 



Vanellns helveticus, Vip:ill., Ency. Meth. iii, 1823, 1077. 



Charadnus helveticus, Licht., Verzeich. 1823, No. 728.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 298, No. 221.— 

 NUTT., Man. ii, 1834, 26.— AUD., Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 280, pi. 334; Syn. 1839, 

 221 ; B. Am. v, l8-i2, 199, pi. 315.— KJ-euij., Naum. 1850, 6. 



Charadrius {Sqttatarola) helvetica, Ridgw., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 383. 



Tringa varia, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 252 (based on VaiieUus varius, Briss., v, 103). 



Charadrius varius, FiN.s'cii & Hautl., Vog. Ost. Afr. 1871, 644. 



Pluvialis varius, Sche., Mus. P.-B., Cursores, 1865, 53.— Deal. & Gerre, O. E. 1867, 127. 



Tringa squatarola, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 252 (based on riuvialis chierca of various 

 authors, and Vanelhis griacus of Binss., v, lUO, pi. 9, f 1). 



Pluvialis squatarola, Macgie., Man. N. H. Orn. ii, 4-5; Hist. Br. B. iv, 1852, SQ>. 



Charadrius squatarola, Nauae, Yog. Dcutschl. vii, 1834, 265, pi. 178. 



VandluH squatarola. Sciil., Ruv. Crit. 1864, 84. 



Squatarola ciuerea, Feeming, Br. Anim., 1828, 111.— Eyt., Cat. Br. B. 34.' 



Charadrius h}ipomelanus, Pale., Reise, iii, 1773, 699; Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 138, pi. 59. 



Charadrius pardcla. Pall., Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 142. 



Squatarola grisea, Leach, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 1816, 29.— Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool. xi, p. 505. 



TaueUus grlscus, Jenvn.s, Man. Br. Vert. 181. 



