PERISOREUS CANADENSIS VAR. CAPITALIS. 221 



PEEISOEEUS CAKADENSIS var. CAPITALIS, Bd. 



Canada Jay. 



II. canadensis. 



Corviis canadensis, LiXN., Syst. Nat. i, 1760, 158.— FoRST., Phil. Trans. 1772, 382.— Gm., 

 Syst. Nat. i, 1788,':i76.— Wii.s., Am. Oru. iii, 1811, 33, ]i\. 21, f. 1.— Sab., App. 

 Frauklin'.s Jouru. .'>72.— Bp., Obs. 1824, No. 42; Svn. 1828, 58.— Nutt., Man. i, 

 1832, 232.— Aui)., Oru. Biojr. ii, 1834, 53; v, 1839, 208; pi. 107. 



Garruhis canadensis, S\v. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 295.— AuD., Syn. 1839, 1.55; B. A. iv, 

 1842, 121, pi. 234.— PcTX., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 228 (Massachusetts, casual).— 

 TiuppE, ibid, vi, 1871, 117 (Minnesota, resident; breeds). 



Perisoreus canadensis, Bp., List, 1838, 27 ; Consp. i, 1850, 375.— Cab., Mus. Heiu. 1851, 219.— 

 Bi)., B. N. A. 1858, 590.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 226 (Labrador).— Veiuj., 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 152 (Norway, Me., winter).— Boakdm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 

 127 (Calais, Me., resident).— Lawr., Ann. Lye. viii, 1866, 2m9 (New York Island, 

 in summer, accidental).— McIlwk., Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1866, 91 (Canada West).- 

 Coues, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 285.— Turnb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 43 (winter strag- 

 ' gler).— Mayn., Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv, 1871, p. — (Urabagog, in June).- Coues., 

 Key, 1872, 166.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 299, pi. 41, f. 3. 



Dysornithia canadensis, Sw., F. B. A. ii, 131, 495. 



Gavrnlns hrachiirhnnchus, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 296, pi. 55.— Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 599. 



Garrulnsfiiscns, ViEiLi.., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. xii, 1817, 479; Eucy. Meth. 892. 



" Pica nuchalis, Wage." — " Coracias mexicanus, Te.mm." 



b. ohscurus. 



Perisorens canadensis, Newb., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 1857, 85 (California).— Coop. «fe Sucic, 

 N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 216 (Washington Territory ).— Dale & Baxn., Tr. 

 Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 286 (Alaska).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 397.— FixsCH, Abb. 

 Nat. iii, 1872, 40 (Alaska). 



Perisoreus canadensis var. obscurus, Ridgw., Bull. Ess. Inst, v, 1874, 199. — Coues, Check- 

 list, 1874, App. No. 239".- B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 302. 



b. capitalis. 



Perisoreus canadensis, Hayd.. Rep. 1862, 171.— Allex, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 179 (mount- 

 ains of Colorado, &c.).— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 465 (Wyoming).— 

 Merr., ibid. 1872, 689 (Idaho and Wyoming). 



Perisoreus canadensis var. capitalis, Bo. — Ridgw., Bull. Ess. Inst, v, 1874, 199. — B. B. & 

 R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 302, pi. 41, f. 4.— Coues, Check-list, 1874, App. No. 239". 



Hab. — North America, to about 39-^ (further south along high ranges). Breeds from 

 New York, New England, and Minnesota, northward, and in the Rocky Mountains to its 

 southernmost observed limit. Rare straggler to the Middle Atlantic States in winter. 

 Var. capitalis is the Rocky Mountain form. Var. obscurus from Alaska to California. 



List of specimens. 



Lieutenant TVarren's Expedition.— ^>^-i7, Laramie Peak ; 8848-52, 8855-58, Black Hills. 

 Later Expeditions.— ^)'J6V)'y, Colorado; i)0819-22, Uintah Mountains; 61083-6, Henry's 

 Fork and Green River ; 62244-48, 62250-53, Idaho and Wyoming. 



Dr. ITavdeii speaks of tliis bird as oc(;iirriii<;- in " myriads " in tlio 

 Black Hills, aiul the dates of his observation leave no doubt of its 

 breeding- in that rej^ioii. In California, J)rs. Newberry and Cooper 

 found it coaiiiion north of 30°; and in Colorado, at about this parallel, 

 j\Ir. Allen observed it in duly, and noted its abnndanee. The birds 

 mentioned in his li.st of the vicinity of Blount Jvincolii, I'ark County, 

 Colorado, doubtless breed at or near that i)oiut, as he says " the region 

 is stiictly al]>ine in its features. Oui- camp was in the valley of the 

 riatte, at an altitude of about ll',(K»d feet, from whence excursions were 

 made every day by some of the party to the reoion above the timber, 

 which is here about 13,0110 feet above the sea li'vel. Three species 

 (Aitt/uis litdoricianits, Lcucostkte tcpltrocods, and Laijopus Icucunts) were 



