PEDICECETES PHASIANELLUS VAR. COLUMBIANUS. 407 



are entirely upon tJie surface, and consequently appear of the same color, 

 only varying in intensity according to tbe depth of the pigment dei)os- 

 ited. The shell being entirely formed in an npper i)ortion of the oviduct, 

 where there are no cells for the elaboration of special i)igments, these 

 various colorations are never obscured by being overlaid with shell sub- 

 stance ; whereas in those cases where special coloring matter is early 

 laid down, during the formation of the shell, we have different sets of 

 spots, some in the shell, others on its surface, the former being those so 

 often conventionally described as '-lilac," "lavender," &(;., but being in 

 reality the various browns and reds, like those of the surface, only over- 

 laid with the white or whitish calcareous substance. 



The young Sage Fowl shows features parallel with those of the young 

 Sharp-tailed, as might be expected from the afiinity of the two. We 

 find the same sharp, white shaft lines in various places on the upper 

 parts, and the same brown speckling of the i)lumage of the breast. We 

 find, at a very early age, indication of the future black abdominal area 

 in a dark brown patch on the belly. 



PEDICECETES PHASIANELLUS var. COLUMBIANUS, (Ord,) Cs. 



Southern Sharp-tailed Grouse. 



a. pliimanellus proper. 



Tefr«oj;/i«.s(fl/K7/«s, LiXN., Syst. Nat. i, 10th ed. 1758, \W {T. nrogaUits B., phasiancUus, 

 of 12th ed. p. i27:^).— FoRST., Phik)s. Tr. Ixii, 1772, pp. 394, 495.— G>t., Syst. Nat. 

 i, 17ftd, 747.— Lath., lud. Oru. ii, 1790, 635. — Sai;., App. Frauk. Jouni. p. 680. — 

 IJp., Am. Oru. iii, 18'28, 37 ; text of ^ from Arctic America, but not the plate. 



Tetrao (Caitroarcus) ijIianiaiuUiis, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 361 (relates chiefly to 

 the preseut, though iucludius the foilowiug variety). 



I'ediocaelea plia.sianellus, Elliot, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1«62, 403 (not of Uuited States ■svrit- 

 crs).— Mui!., Edinb. Journ. 1859.— Ghat, Cnt. B. Br. Mus. v, 1867, 88.— Dall 

 & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 287 (Yukou). 



Pedicccch's 2>hasiamHiis, CouKS, Key, 1872, 234.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 434, pi. 69, f. 3. 



Fedioca-fru liciiiiicotfii, SuCK., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, p. 361. 



Lnn<i-taiUd (irou.ie ( Urof/aUiis mhwr), Edw., iii, 117. 



Shurp-luihd Groime, Pexn., Arct. Zool. ii, 306. 



b. cohimbianus. 



PhmianuH columhiaims, OrtD, Guthrie's Geog. 2d Am. ed. 1815, 317 (based on Columbian 



Pheasant of Lewis and Clarke, ii, 180). 

 PedlocaeU's cohimbianns, Elliot, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1862, 403; Monog. Tetr. pi.— Hold.- 



AiKKN, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv, 1872, 208. 

 Pediceccte-s mlinnhidiiu-s, Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 532. 

 Pediuvdex ])liaf<i(iii<niis var. cohimbianns, CouKS, Key, 1872, 234. — Ali>kx, Bull. M. C. Z. 



iii, 1S72, 181.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 436. )>1. 60, f. 1. 

 Tetrao ])ha-sianellns, Oiii>, (Jnthviii's Geog. 2d Am. ed. isi.'y, 317 ?—Bp., Syu. 1828, 127; 



Am. Oru. iii, 1828, 37, pi. 19 (not description of <^ , which was from Arctic 



America).— NiriT., Man. i, 1832, 669.— Ai:i)., Oru. Biog. iv, 1838, 569, pi. 382; 



Svn. 1839, 205; B. Am. v, 1842, 110, pi. 298.— Nkwii., P. R. R. Rep. vi, is.57, 



94.— Mamm., J. f. O. vi, 1858, 435.— Thippi.:, Pr. E. Inst. 1871, 118 (.Minnesota). 

 PcdiocaeteH plianianclluH, lii)., B. N. A. 1858, 626.— Coop. & Si;CK., N. H. "Wa.-^h. Tcr. 1860, 



223.— Loi;i>, I'r. Roy. Artv. lust, iv, 1864, 123.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873.— Tkippic, 



Pr. 15ost. Soc. XV, 1872, 240. 

 Prdinrrtrs plmsiaurUtix, Hayd., IJ.")). lJ-'62, 172.— ]Mi:i:i:., R(>p. U- S. G. S. Ter. 1S72, 609. 

 Tetruo unijili<tKiancllun, Doi'OL., Tr. Liuu. Soc. xvi, 1S29, 136. 



TIah. — Of the northern variety, or trne phafiianclhis, the iiidrior of British Aniorica, 

 east to liiMlsuu's Bay, north and west to I'oit Yukon, south nearly to the I'uitcd States 

 boundary, wliere it sli:ide.s into var. colnnihianiin. Tiu- latter inhabits the wrsteru por- 

 tions of Minin-.sola and Iowa, all of Dakota, thence diagonally across Nebraska 

 and Kansas toCo!ora<lo, thence iu suitable districts across the country to the Sierra 

 Xevada and Cascade Ranges. 



