284 PICOIDES ARCTICUS. 



PICOIDES ARCTICUS, (S\v.) Gray. 

 Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. 



" Pku8 rnriiis cayancrisls, 9, Binss., Oru. iv, 57" (fide Cab.; nomeu geogr. ineptum, 

 lapsii ("canadensis"), sec. Sund.). 



Picu8iri(htctiiIu^,V,r., Am. Oru. iii, 182S, 24:i, pi. 14, f. 2; Syn. 1828, 46.— AuD., Oru. 

 P.i()<,^ ii, 1K54. 198; v, 1839, 5:?8; pi. i:32.— NuTT., Man. i, 1832, 578, {Not of 

 Eu ropea n ivritcrs. ) 



Ficus {Aptentm) arciiciis, Sw.. F. B. A. ii, 1831, 313, pi. 57. 



Ficiis arcik'us, Aud., Syu. 1839, 182; B. Am. iv, 268, pi. 2<)8.— Nutt., Man. i, 1840, 691.— 

 PuTX., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 214 (Massachusetts ; very rare). — Sund., Cousp. 

 Av. Pic. 1866, 15. 



Jpternus arcticus, Sw., Classif. B. ii, 1837, 306.— Bp., Cousp. List, 1838, 39; Cousp. Av. 

 i, 1850, 139.— Reich., Haud-buch Sp. Orn. 36 ; pi. 630, f. 4189, 4191.— Newu., P. R. 

 R. Rep. vi, 18.57, 91. 



Picoides arcficns, Ghay, Gen. of B. ii, 434 : pi. 108, fig. 7 ; Hand-list, ii, 1870, 181, No. 

 8539.— Bi>., B. N. A. 1858, 98.— Malh., Mon. Pic. i, 174, pi. 39, f. 5, 6.— Boahdm., 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 123 (Maine ; probably resident). — Lokd, Pr. Roy. Arty, 

 lust, iv, 1864, 112 (Cascade Mountains). — Vekk., Pr. Ess. lust, iii, 144 (Nor- 

 way, Me. ; very common, except in summer). — Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 

 52 (Massacluisetts ; very rare or accidental, iu winter). — McIlwr., ihld. v, 

 1866, 83 (Hamilton, C. W. ; rare, in winter).— CouES, ibid, v, 1868, 262.— 

 TuitNi!., B. E. Pa. 1869,41 (occasional iu mountains of Northern Pennsylvania, 

 Pocono). — Mayn., Guide?, 1670, 129 (Massachusetts, very rare) ; Pr. Bost. Soc. 

 187J , p. —.—Coop., Pr. Cal. Acad. 1868 (Lake Tahoe) ; B. Cal. i, 1870, 385 (Sierra 

 Nevada of California).— Tjuppe. Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871, 118 (f ).— Mekr., U. S. 

 Geol. Surv. Ter. 1872, 694.— Coues, Key, 1872, 194.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 

 1874, 530, pi. 50, f. 1. 



Tridacfi/lia avciica, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Heiu. iv, 1863, 27. 



" FicHshochii, Nauai.— Glogee, Haud-buch Nat. Gesch. Vog. Eur. 462" (Cab.) 



Hab. — Northern North America, into the Northern United States in winter, and in 

 all probability resident along our northern frontier, as well as further south in moun- 

 tainous regions. Rarely south in winter to Massachusetts; casually to Peuusylvauia 

 {Audubon, Tunibidl). South to Sierra Nevada {Cooper). 



Laic Expeditions. — 62261, Lower Gej'ser Basiu, Wyoming. 



Altbougli this species Las not, to ray knowledge, been yet taken in 

 the Missouri region, there is no doubt whatever of the propriety ofiu- 

 chuliug it in the present work, as a species to be found at least in the 

 mountainous and northern portions. Mr. Trippe gives it as probably 

 breeding in Minnesota, and Dr. Cooper has a more explicit notice. "I 

 found this bird," he writes, " quite numerous about Lake Tahoe, and the 

 summits of the Sierra IsTevada above G,000 feet altitude, in September, 

 and it extends thence northward, chieily on the east side of tliese and 

 the Cascade Mountains, as I never saw it near the Lower Columbia. 

 At the lake, they were quite fearless, coming close to the hotel, aud 

 industriously tapi)ing the trees in tlie early morning and evening. * * 

 I noti(;ed their burrows in low pine-trees near the lake, where they had 

 doubtless raised their young. I found tbem silent birds, though prob- 

 ably in the spring they have a great variety of calls. The only note I 

 heard was a shrill, rattling cry, sufdcienlly distinct from that of any 

 other Woodpecker." 



PICOIDES AMERICANUS, Brehm. 



Banded Three-toed AVoodpecker. 



a. americamis. 



{1 1) '• Ficus varius cayavensis, <? , Bin.ss., Orn. iv, 54 "^Pvc tacliei6 de Cayenne, P. B. 

 5o',i^ Aptcrnu)i vnyanciiNin, Reich. , Haud-buch, 363; uomen ineptum; avis 

 fictita? Inde F. umhdalKS, Vieill., Ois. Am. Sept. ii, 1807, 69; Enc. Meth. iii, 

 1319 (" digitibus (juatuor ") = P. uudatus, Temm., Tabl. Meth. 63, et P. undoaus, 

 Cuv., R. A. i, 1829, 451.— (Malh., Mon. i, 184, 185). 



