CENTUEUS CAROLINUS, EED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. 289 



peared to be nearly confiuecl to tlie pine woods, and proved ratber a 

 wary bird, frequenting for the most part tbe upper portions of the tall 

 trees. It lias an abrupt, explosive outcry, much like that of other spe- 

 cies of Woodpeckers, and also an entirely different call-note. This 

 sounds to me like a number of rolling r's, beginning with a guttural 1i — 

 k'-r-r-r — each set of r's making a long sylhible. This note is leisurely 

 given, and indefinitely repeated, in a very low key. The general habits 

 of this species are most nearly like those of S. rarius, but its geograph- 

 ical distribution is much more restricted, and the bird is not, apparently, 

 migratory. It is an inhabitant more especially of mountainous regions 

 of the west, within the pine belt — the same fauual area of which Picicor- 

 vits and Gj/mnol'itta are characteristic. 



Mr. Tri])pe writes me as follows of Williamson's Woodi^ecker in Col- 

 orado : "Common; migratory; breeds. This Woodpecker arrives in 

 the neighborhood of Idaho Springs in the early or middle part of April, 

 and soon becomes rather common, extending its range up to 10,000 feet, 

 and iierhaps higher, but is most numerous between 0,000 and 9,000 feet. 

 It is rather unequal in its distribution, being abundant in certain locali- 

 ties and quite scarce in others, but a short distance away." 



CENTURUS CAEOLINUS, (Linn.) Sw. 

 Red-bellied Woodpecker. 



Picus caroliiuis, LiXN., Syst. Nat., 1766, 174 (P. ventre rulro, Gates., i, 19).— Wii.s., Am. 

 Orn. i, 1808, llS, pi. 7, lij^. 2.— Bp., Svh. 1828, 45.— Nutt., Man. i, .'>72.— Aud,,. 

 Oru. Biog. V, 1839, 169, pi. 415; S.yn. 1839, 183; B. Am. iv, 1842, 270, pi. 270.— 

 Gm., B. L. I. 1844, 179.— Maxim., J. f. O. 1858, 418.— Sund., Consp. Av. Pic. 53.. 



Centurus caroUinis, Sw., Class. B. ii, 1837, 310 (" caroUnemis "). — Bp., List, 1838, 40 ; Consp.. 

 1, 1850, 119.— WooDH., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 91.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 109.— Hayd., 

 Rep. 1862, 156.— Car., J. f. O. 1862, 324.-Dhess., Ibis, 1865, 469 (Texas).— 

 AiXEX, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 53 (Massachusetts, "accidental"). — Coues, ibid. 

 V, 1868, 262 (rare or accidental in Southern New England). — McIlwh., ibid, v, 

 1866, 83 (Chatham, C. W., three specimens).— Aixex, Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1868, 

 499, 519, 525 (Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 306 

 (Florida) ; ill, 1872, 180 (Kansas).- Sxow, B. Kans. 1873, 3 (abundant).— CoUES, 

 Key, 1872, 196.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, .554, pi. 52, tig. 1, 4. 



Zcbrapicus camlhius, Maltj., Mou. Pic. ii, 234, ]}\. 103, figs. 7, 8. 



riciis zebra, Bodd., Planch. Eulnm. 602. 



Ficun (jriseus, Vieill., Ois. Am. Sept. ii, 1807, 52, pi. 116. 



"Picas erythniucheii, Wagl., Syst. Av. 1827." 



Ilab. — United States to the Rocky Mountains. North rarely to Southern New En- 

 gland ("Nova Hcotia," Audubon). Canada West. Not found in Minnesota {Triple). 



Fort Thorn, New Mexico {Henry). 

 Lieutenant Jl'arren's iJor/jcrfiVion.— 4653, St. Joseph's, Mo. ; 4624, Nemaha Reserve. 



This is a rather southern S])ecies, very abundant south of 35°, but 

 not common north of the Middle districts. It very rarely extends into 

 New England, whence we have but few quotations, and none north of 

 Massachu.setts. Audubon, indeed, gives it from Nova Scotia, but such 

 a range has not, to my kn(>wledge, been confirmed of late. Mr. Mcll- 

 wraith notes three specimens captured in Canada West. I used to find 

 it frequently about Washington. Mr. Tiippe remarks upon its ai)i)arent 

 absence in Minnesota with surprise, since "during the winter it is ex- 

 ceedingly abundant in Southern Iowa, from which .section great num- 

 bers migrate on the approacli of spring. I supposed that it crossed 

 over the i)rairi('S(»f Iowa and the southern i)art of Minnesota, and passed 

 the breeding season in the woods of tlie northern part of tlie latter State. 

 I found this to be a mistake, however, as I did not see a single individ- 

 ual during the whole year." In Kansas it is pleutitul; I found it in 

 I\Iay in tiie timber along KepTiblican River. It must, however, be con- 

 sidered a raiC bird in most portions of the Missouri region. 



19 



